Question 1

The Skeletal system...

Accepted Answer

consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa.

Question 2

Periosteum

Accepted Answer

the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.

Question 3

Compact Bone

Accepted Answer

is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.

Question 4

Spongy Bone

Accepted Answer

is lighter, & not as strong, as compact bone.

Question 5

medullary cavity

Accepted Answer

is located in the shaft of a long bone & is surrounded by compact bone.

Question 6

endosteum

Accepted Answer

is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity.

Question 7

Red Bone Marrow

Accepted Answer

which is located within the spongy bone, is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, & thrombocytes.

Question 8

Hemopoietic

Accepted Answer

means pertaining to the formation of blood cells.

Question 9

Yellow bone marrow

Accepted Answer

which functions as a fat storage area, is composed chiefly of fat cells & is located in the medullary cavity.

Question 10

Cartilage

Accepted Answer

is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. Makes up flexible parts such as the ear & tip of nose.

Question 11

Articular cartilage

Accepted Answer

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage makes smooth movement possible & protects the bones from rubbing against each other.

Question 12

meniscus

Accepted Answer

is the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee & the jaw.

Question 13

diaphysis

Accepted Answer

is the shaft of a long bone.

Question 14

epiphysis

Accepted Answer

which is covered with articular cartilage, is the wide end of a long bone.

Question 15

Proximal epiphysis

Accepted Answer

is the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.

Question 16

Distal ephiphysis

Accepted Answer

is the end of the bone located farthest away from the midline.

Question 17

foramen

Accepted Answer

is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, & ligaments pass.

Question 18

foramen magnum

Accepted Answer

is the hole the spinal cord passes through to the brain.

Question 19

process

Accepted Answer

is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles & tendons.

Question 20

joints

Accepted Answer

which are also known as articulations, are the place of union between two or more bones.

Question 21

Fibrous joints

Accepted Answer

consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together. In adults, these joints, aka sutures, do not allow any movement.

Question 22

fontanelles

Accepted Answer

aka as soft spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal & allow for growth of the skull.

Question 23

Cartilaginous joints

Accepted Answer

allow only slight movement & consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

Question 24

Pubic symphysis

Accepted Answer

is the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth.

Question 25

synovial joint

Accepted Answer

is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.

Question 26

Ball & Socket joints

Accepted Answer

such as the hips & shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions.

Question 27

Hinge joints

Accepted Answer

such as the knees & elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane.

Question 28

synovial joints

Accepted Answer

consist of several components that make complex movements possible.

Question 29

synovial capsule

Accepted Answer

is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.

Question 30

synovial membrane

Accepted Answer

lines the capsule & secretes synovial fluid

Question 31

synovial fluid

Accepted Answer

which flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible.

Question 32

ligaments

Accepted Answer

are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone, or joining a bone to cartilage.

Question 33

bursa

Accepted Answer

is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the shoulder, elbow & knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.

Question 34

The typical adult human skeleton consists of approximately

Accepted Answer

206 bones

Question 35

axial skeleton

Accepted Answer

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory & circulatory systems.

Question 36

axial

Accepted Answer

means pertaining to an axis, which is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body.

Question 37

The axial skeleton consists of

Accepted Answer

80 bones including those of the skull; the ribs, sternum, & thoracic vertebrae of the thoracic cavity; & the other vertebrae of the spinal column.

Question 38

appendicular skeleton

Accepted Answer

makes body movement possible & also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, & reproduction.

Question 39

appendage

Accepted Answer

is anything that is attached to a major part of the body.

Question 40

The appendicular skeleton consists of

Accepted Answer

126 bones that are organized into the upper extremities & the lower extremities.

Question 41

frontal bone

Accepted Answer

forms the forehead.

Question 42

parietal bones

Accepted Answer

form most of the roof & upper sides of the cranium.

Question 43

occipital bone

Accepted Answer

forms the posterior floor & walls of the cranium.

Question 44

two temporal bones

Accepted Answer

form the sides & base of the cranium

Question 45

sphenoid bone

Accepted Answer

forms part of the base of the skull & parts of the floor & sides of the orbit.

Question 46

orbit

Accepted Answer

is the bony socket that surrounds & protects the eyeball.

Question 47

ethmoid bone

Accepted Answer

forms part of the posterior of the nose, the orbit, & the floor of the cranium.

Question 48

meatus

Accepted Answer

is the external opening of a canal.

Question 49

two nasal bones

Accepted Answer

form the upper part of the bridge of the nose.

Question 50

mandible

Accepted Answer

aka the jawbone, is the only moveable bone of the skull.

Question 51

thoracic cavity

Accepted Answer

aka the rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart & lungs.

Question 52

The 12 pairs of ribs

Accepted Answer

aka costals

Question 53

The shoulders form the

Accepted Answer

pectoral girdle, which supports the arms & hands; this also known as the shoulder girdle.

Question 54

radius

Accepted Answer

is the smaller & shorter bone in the forearm.

Question 55

ulna

Accepted Answer

is the larger & longer bone of the forearm.

Question 56

spinal column

Accepted Answer

aka the vertebral column, supports the head & body, & protects the spinal cord.

Question 57

vertebra

Accepted Answer

is a single segment of the spinal column.

Question 58

vertebral foramen

Accepted Answer

is the opening in the middle of the vertebra. The spinal cord passes through this opening.

Question 59

coccyx

Accepted Answer

aka the tailbone, forms the end of the spine & is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together.

Question 60

intervertebral disks

Accepted Answer

which are made of cartilage, separate & cushion the vertebrae from each other.

Question 61

pelvic girdle

Accepted Answer

which protects internal organs & supports the lower extremities.

Question 62

pubic bones

Accepted Answer

are held securely together by the pubic symphysis.

Question 63

tibia

Accepted Answer

aka the shinbone, is the larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg.

Question 64

fibula

Accepted Answer

is the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg.

The Skeletal System

Chap 3 bones, joints, skeleton, etc.

Question	Answer
The Skeletal system...	consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa.
Only dental enamel is harder than bone
Periosteum	the tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone.
Compact Bone	is the dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.
Spongy Bone	is lighter, & not as strong, as compact bone.
medullary cavity	is located in the shaft of a long bone & is surrounded by compact bone.
endosteum	is the tissue that lines the medullary cavity.
Red Bone Marrow	which is located within the spongy bone, is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, & thrombocytes.
Hemopoietic	means pertaining to the formation of blood cells.
Yellow bone marrow	which functions as a fat storage area, is composed chiefly of fat cells & is located in the medullary cavity.
Cartilage	is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones. Makes up flexible parts such as the ear & tip of nose.
Articular cartilage	covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage makes smooth movement possible & protects the bones from rubbing against each other.
meniscus	is the curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee & the jaw.
diaphysis	is the shaft of a long bone.
epiphysis	which is covered with articular cartilage, is the wide end of a long bone.
Proximal epiphysis	is the end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body.
Distal ephiphysis	is the end of the bone located farthest away from the midline.
foramen	is an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, & ligaments pass.
foramen magnum	is the hole the spinal cord passes through to the brain.
process	is a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles & tendons.
joints	which are also known as articulations, are the place of union between two or more bones.
Fibrous joints	consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together. In adults, these joints, aka sutures, do not allow any movement.
fontanelles	aka as soft spots, are normally present on the skull of a newborn. These flexible soft spots facilitate the passage of the infant through the birth canal & allow for growth of the skull.
Cartilaginous joints	allow only slight movement & consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.
Pubic symphysis	is the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth.
synovial joint	is created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.
Ball & Socket joints	such as the hips & shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions.
Hinge joints	such as the knees & elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane.
synovial joints	consist of several components that make complex movements possible.
synovial capsule	is the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint.
synovial membrane	lines the capsule & secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid	which flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible.
ligaments	are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone, or joining a bone to cartilage.
bursa	is a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as the shoulder, elbow & knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone.
The typical adult human skeleton consists of approximately	206 bones
axial skeleton	protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory & circulatory systems.
axial	means pertaining to an axis, which is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body.
The axial skeleton consists of	80 bones including those of the skull; the ribs, sternum, & thoracic vertebrae of the thoracic cavity; & the other vertebrae of the spinal column.
appendicular skeleton	makes body movement possible & also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, & reproduction.
appendage	is anything that is attached to a major part of the body.
The appendicular skeleton consists of	126 bones that are organized into the upper extremities & the lower extremities.
frontal bone	forms the forehead.
parietal bones	form most of the roof & upper sides of the cranium.
occipital bone	forms the posterior floor & walls of the cranium.
two temporal bones	form the sides & base of the cranium
sphenoid bone	forms part of the base of the skull & parts of the floor & sides of the orbit.
orbit	is the bony socket that surrounds & protects the eyeball.
ethmoid bone	forms part of the posterior of the nose, the orbit, & the floor of the cranium.
meatus	is the external opening of a canal.
two nasal bones	form the upper part of the bridge of the nose.
mandible	aka the jawbone, is the only moveable bone of the skull.
thoracic cavity	aka the rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart & lungs.
The 12 pairs of ribs	aka costals
The shoulders form the	pectoral girdle, which supports the arms & hands; this also known as the shoulder girdle.
radius	is the smaller & shorter bone in the forearm.
ulna	is the larger & longer bone of the forearm.
spinal column	aka the vertebral column, supports the head & body, & protects the spinal cord.
vertebra	is a single segment of the spinal column.
vertebral foramen	is the opening in the middle of the vertebra. The spinal cord passes through this opening.
	At birth, the sacrum is composed of five separate bones; however, they fuse together in the young child to form a single bone.
coccyx	aka the tailbone, forms the end of the spine & is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together.
intervertebral disks	which are made of cartilage, separate & cushion the vertebrae from each other.
pelvic girdle	which protects internal organs & supports the lower extremities.
pubic bones	are held securely together by the pubic symphysis.
tibia	aka the shinbone, is the larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg.
fibula	is the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg.
malleolus	is the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle.
ankles	which form the joint between the lower leg & the foot, are each made up of seven short tarsal bones.
colles' fracture	is aka a fractured wrist. This fracture occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on their hands.
closed fracture	aka a simple fracture, or a complete fracture, is one in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin.
open fracture	aka a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken & there is an open wound in the skin.
comminuted fracture	is one in which the bone is splintered or crushed.
greenstick fracture	or incomplete fracture, is one in which the bone is bent & only partially broken.
oblique fracture	occurs at an angle across the bone.
pathologic fracture	occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain.
spiral fracture	is a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart.
stress fracture	which is an overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact.

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