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Government
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Federalism | Power shared between national and state governments |
| Unitary system | Central government holds all key powers |
| Confederal system | States hold power; central government is weak |
| Federal system | National and state governments share authority |
| Enumerated or expressed powers | Powers clearly listed in the Constitution |
| Exclusive powers | Powers only the federal government can use |
| Implied powers | Powers not stated but needed to carry out others |
| Due process clause | Protects against unfair government actions |
| Equal protection clause | Requires laws to treat people equally |
| Commerce clause | Lets Congress regulate trade between states |
| Necessary and proper clause | Allows Congress to make needed laws |
| Supremacy clause | Federal laws override state laws |
| Tenth Amendment | Powers not given to federal go to states |
| Reserved powers | Powers kept by the states |
| Concurrent powers | powers shared by federal and state governments |
| Full faith and credit clause | States must honor other states’ laws and records |
| Extradition | Returning a fugitive to the state of the crime |
| Privileges and immunities clause | States can’t discriminate against outsiders |
| Thirteenth Amendment | Abolished slavery |
| Fourteenth Amendment | Granted citizenship and equal protection |
| Fifteenth Amendment | Protected voting rights regardless of race |
| Selective incorporation | Applies parts of Bill of Rights to states |
| Grants-in-aid | Federal money given |