Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
A+P Exam #2
Skeletal System Practice Questions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 functions of skeletal remodeling? | 1) Reshapes bone during growth 2) Reshapes bone in response to use 3) Repairs damage 4) Release minerals into blood |
| Where does skeletal remodeling take place? | Occurs on periosteal and endosteal surfaces. |
| What substances help regulate calcium levels? | Calcitriol, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone. |
| How does calcitriol raise blood calcium levels? | Promotes calcium absorption in small intestine, increases calcium resorption from skeleton, and reduces calcium excretion in kidneys. |
| True or False: More bone deposited in areas under high stress | True |
| Where is compact bone the thickest? | In the diaphysis. |
| How do braces work to move teeth? | Wires place tension on teeth and alveolar bone is resorbed in response to increased pressure, allowing the tooth to move |
| What are the four steps to healing fractures? | 1) inflammatory response 2) soft callus formation (collagen & fibrocartilage) 3) hard callus formation 4) remodeling (spongey to compact bone) |
| How long does it take to produce bony collar around a fracture? | 4-6 weeks. |
| Wgat are the effects of aging in older adults? | Bone mass, mineralization, and healing ability decrease. |
| What are some treatments for osteoporosis? | Estrogen replacement therapy, medications, weight-bearing exercise, and/or nutritional supplements |
| What is the function of joints? | Support and movement. |
| What are the three types of joints? | Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial. |
| What structures are made of fibrous joints? | Sutures and teeth. |
| What structures are made of cartilage joints? | Pubis symphysis and costochondral (rib <--> sternum) joints. |
| What structures are made of synovial joints? | Most joints in body that are capable of movement. |
| What are the four parts of a synovial joint? | Joint capsule (fibrous and synovial layer), joint cavity (synovial fluid), ligaments (provide strength), and articular cartilage (provides cushioning). |
| What three factor determind a joint's range of motion? | Structure of articular surfaces, structure/tension of ligaments, and the action of muscles and tendons. |
| Where are plane joints found? | Carpals, tarsals, and vertebral processes. |
| Where are hinge joints found? | The elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints. |
| Where are pivot joints found? | Proximal radioulnar joint and atlantoaxial joint (C1 & C2). |
| Where are ball-and-socket joints found? | Shoulders and hips. |
| What joints are present in/by the elbow? | Humeroulnar joint, humeroredial joint, and radioulnar joint. |
| What happens to the bones in the forearm when the arm in pronated? | The radius crosses OVER the ulna. |
| What are the main differences between the shoulder and hip joint? | The articulation site of the femur (acetabulum) is much deeper, making it more stable with stronger ligament connections. However, the shallower articulation site of the shoulder (glenoid fossa) allows for greater mobility. |
| Although they can no longer move around, ostocytes are important for maintaining bone health because they can ___. | Sense mechanical stress and secrete additional osteoid, maintain osseus tissue, and repair damage. |
| The organic and inorganic components of bones' extracellular matrix provide what type of strength? | Tensile and compressive strength. |
| What is associated with the function of hemopoiesis? | Red bone marrow. |
| Why is bone is harder and more durable than cartilage? | Bones are mineralized (containing calcium and phosphate). |
| What effect does a Vitamin D deficiency have on bones? | A Vitamin D deficiency can impede the mineralization of skeletal extracellular matrix and lead to the development of weak bones. |
| Is osseous tissue is avascular or vascular? | Vascular. |
| What are the flat bones of the cranium are composed? | Cortical and cancellous bone. |
| What are the five main functions of the skeletal system? | Support, muscle attachment, protection, energy and mineral storage, and hemopoiesis |
| What is the purpose of the central canal running through the core of each osteon? | Carries blood vessels and nerve fibers. |
| What is the difference between the periosteum and endosteum of a bone? | They are made up of the same type of tissue but are located in different regions. |
| What type of bones contain a medullary cavity? | Long bones. |
| True or False: Osteocytes are mature osteoblasts that have become surrounded by hardened extracellular matrix. | True |
| What does the organic portion of osseous tissue matrix provide the skeleton with? | resistance to stretch, tensile strength, and flexibility. |
| What is the main function of the intervertebral discs? | They provide the vertebral column with cushioning and stability. |
| Where does the medullary cavity of a long bone will begin to develop? | At the primary ossification center. |
| Does Calcitriol increase or decrease blood calcium levels? | Increase |
| Which hormones influences bone growth prior to the attainment of skeletal maturity? | Estrogen, growth hormone, and testosterone. |
| What is the most important stimulus for epiphyseal plate activity during infancy and childhood? | Growth hormone |
| At the epiphyseal plate, cartilage growth ___. | Pushes the epiphysis away from the diaphysis. |
| What bone supports your body weight when you are sitting down? | Ischium |
| What bones form through intramembranous ossification? | The clavicles and parts of the skull. |
| What structure helps to maintain the correct anatomical relationship between the radius and the ulna? | Interosseous membrane; when palm is faced posteriorly the radius crosses OVER the ulna. |
| True or False: Bones typically show the greatest amounts of resorption in regions that are under the most stress. | False |
| What is the first step to healing a fracture? | Inflammatory response. |
| What is associated with the onset of osteoporosis in older women? | Estrogen deficiency due to menopause |
| When to bones begin to ossify? When do they stop? | Bones begin to ossify in the womb around week 8 and stop in late childhood to early childhood. Bone continue to grow longitudinally. |
| Does primary or secondary bone have more inorganic material? What does this grant to the bone. | Secondary bones have more inorganic material, making them stronger. |
| How do primary bones have their collagen fiber arranged? Secondary bones? | Primary bones have irregularly placed collagen fibers while secondary bone have parallel collagen fibers. |
| What is a cancellous bone's structure? | Arranged in lattice, making it strong but lightweight. It has no osteons and spaces are sometimes filled with red bone marrow. |
Created by:
MadisonFoleyReis
Popular Anatomy sets