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Lower limbs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Lower limbs | 30 bones each leg - femur, patella, tibia, fibula, 7 tarsals, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges |
| Femur | - longest, strongest, heaviest bone in the body - Thigh region |
| Head of the femur | - articulates with the acetabulum |
| Fovea | - small depression within the head of the femur - contains connecting ligaments |
| Neck of femur | - Distal to the head - joins shaft |
| Shaft of femur | - joins neck - goes down to knee |
| Greater trochanter | - projects laterally from neck and shaft - proximal end - gluteal and thigh muscles |
| Lesser trochanter | - posteromedial, proximal protrusion in bone |
| Intertrochanteric crest | - Connects trochanters with a thick oblique ridge of bone. - posterior surface of the bone |
| Intertrochanteric line | - extends between two trochanters and marks the distal edge of hip joint |
| Pectineal line | - inferior to intertrochanteric crest - attachment of pectineus muscel |
| Gluteal tuberosity | attachment of the gluteus maximus muscle |
| Linea aspera | - posterior surface - attachment site for many muscles |
| Popliteal Surface | - Flattened triangle - bordered by medial and lateral supracondylar lines |
| Adductor tubercle | - rough, raised projection - site of attachment for the adductor magnus muscle - medial side |
| Medial and lateral condyles | - distal inferior surface of the femur - smooth, oval |
| Medial and lateral epicondyle | - superior to condyles |
| Intercondylar fossa | - distal posterior surface - separates the two condyles |
| Patellar Surface | - smooth, anteromedial depression - articulates with the patella |
| Patella | -kneecap - triangular sesamoid bone - tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle - help gliding of muscles - base, apex, Articular surface |
| Base of patella | - Superior, broad |
| Apex of patella | - inferior, pointed |
| Articular surface of patella | - articulates with the patellar surface of femur |
| Tibia | - medial - weight bearing bone of the crural region |
| Medial and lateral condyles (tibia) | - flat surfaces on head - articulate with the medial and lateral condyles of the femur |
| Intercondylar eminence | - separates the two condyles |
| Fibular articular facet (tibia) | - proximal posterolateral side - head of the fibula articulates - flat area |
| superior tibiofibular joint | - Articulation between fibula and tibia |
| Inferior articular surface | - inferior distal surface of the talus |
| Tibial tuberosity (tibia) | - rough anterior surface of the tibia - near the medial and lateral condyles |
| Anterior border (tibia) | - ridge that extends distally along the anterior tibial surface - Shin |
| Medial Malleolus (tibia) | - large prominent process at its medial border - ankle bone |
| Fibular notch (tibia) | - distal posterolateral side - fibula articulates with tibia |
| Inferior tibiofibular joint | - fibula and tibia join distally |
| Fibula | - long, thin, lateral bone - no weight bearing |
| Head of fibula | - slightly inferior and posterior to the lateral condyle of the tibia. |
| Neck of fibula | - Distal to the head - followed by its shaft |
| Lateral Malleolus | - extends laterally to the ankle joint - provides stability - outer ankle bone |
| Tarsals | -7 - calcaneus, talus, navicular - cuneiform bones(3) Cuboid |
| Calcaneus | - heel - attaches to Achilles - largest tarsal bone |
| Talus | - Ankle bone - superior most, second largest - articulates with the tibia |
| Navicular | - ship - medial side of the ankle |
| Cuneiform bones | -wedge-shaped bones with articulations between them - anterior to navicular - medial, intermediate, lateral |
| Cuboid | - most lateral bone - articulate with metatarsals |
| Metatarsals | - 5 long bones - sole of the foot |
| Phalanges | -14 - 3 phalanges each except for the talus |
| Medial longitudinal arch | - highest arch (inside) - extends from heel to great toe - prevents arch from touching ground |
| Lateral longitudinal arch | - not as high (outside) - little toe to heel |
| Transverse arch | - perpendicular - distal row of tarsals (C's), and metatarsals |
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