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Unit 2
The Founding of America
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Magna Carta | The "Great Charter" signed by King John limiting his power and giving rights to the people |
| Due Process | Government following established and fair legal procedures to protect the peoples' rights |
| Mayflower Compact | An agreement the Pilgrims signed for self-government setting the rules for the colony in Plymouth Massachusetts. |
| Self-Government | People govern themselves |
| English Bill of Rights | Passed by Parliament in 1689 protecting the rights of citizens and limiting the King's power. |
| Enlightenment | A large cultural movement in Europe during the 1600's that led to new ideas about government |
| Thomas Paine's Common Sense | Pamphlet published in 1776 using enlightenment ideas to urge colonists rebel against England and declare independence. |
| John Lock | Enlightenment writer famous for the idea of social contract and natural rights life, liberty, and property |
| Natural Rights | God given rights to all people for being human. These include Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness. |
| Social Contract | An agreement among people with their government where they agree to give up some freedoms to have their life and rights protected by the government. |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Enlightenment thinker that supported the idea that government should be divided into branches so no one branch could become too powerful |
| Separation of Powers | The division of authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government |
| Rule of Law | The principle that the law applies to everyone equally, even those who govern. No one is above the law. |
| Founding Fathers/Framers | The group of men who created the American system of government (Constitution). |
| Founding Documents | Declaration of Independence and Constitution |
| Republic | A representative form of government where citizens choose their lawmakers |
| Direct Democracy | A form of government where the people vote directly on the laws. |
| Representative Democracy | A government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf and make their laws. |
| Limited Government | The principle that government can do only what the Constitution allows it to do. |
| Liberty | State of being free or freedom |
| Boycott | To refuse to purchase to good |
| Monarchy | A form of government in which one person holds great power usually called a king or queen |
| 1st Continental Congress | Representatives from the 13 colonies that sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III asking for peace and respect for their rights |
| 2nd Continental Congress | Representatives from the 13 colonies that sent the Declaration of Independence to King George III |
| Thomas Jefferson | The main author of the Declaration of Independence and the 3rd President of the United States |
| Alter | To change something |
| Abolish | To destroy or get rid of something |
| Self-Evident | Obvious, needing no explanation |
| Endowed | Given or provided with something |
| Unalienable | Can't be taken away |
| Consent | To give permission |
| Consent of the governed | The people giving their permission to be ruled; social contract |
| Grievance | Formal complaint |
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