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Anatomical Terms
Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the anatomical position? | Body standing upright, feet at shoulder width and parallel, toes forward, upper limbs held out to each side, and palms facing forward. |
| Why is anatomical position important? | It standardizes the way the body is viewed and reduces confusion. |
| What does "prone" mean? | Face-down orientation. |
| What does "supine" mean? | Face-up orientation. |
| What is the cranial region? | Upper part of the head. |
| What is the facial region? | Lower half of the head beginning below the ears. |
| What is the ocular region? | Eyes. |
| What is the buccal region? | Cheeks. |
| What is the auricle/otic region? | Ears. |
| What is the nasal region? | Nose. |
| What is the mental region? | Chin. |
| What is the cervical region? | Neck. |
| What is the thoracic region? | Chest. |
| What is the mammary region? | Each breast. |
| What is the abdominal region? | Stomach area. |
| What is the coxal region? | Belt line. |
| What is the pubic region? | Area above the genitals. |
| Where is the umbilicus located? | Center of the abdomen. |
| What is the inguinal region? | Groin, between the legs and genitals. |
| What is the femoral region? | Thigh. |
| What is the patellar region? | Knee. |
| What is the crural region? | Lower leg. |
| What is the tarsal region? | Ankle. |
| What is the pedal region? | Foot. |
| What is the digital/phalangeal region (toes)? | Toes. |
| What is the hallux? | Great toe. |
| What is the axillary region? | Armpit. |
| What is the brachial region? | Upper arm. |
| What is the antecubital region? | Front of the elbow. |
| What is the antebrachial region? | Forearm. |
| What is the carpal region? | Wrist. |
| What is the palmar region? | Palm. |
| What is the digital/phalangeal region (fingers)? | Fingers. |
| What is the pollex? | Thumb. |
| What is the acromial region? | Shoulder. |
| What is the olecranal region? | Back of the elbow. |
| What is the manual region? | Hand. |
| What is the gluteal region? | Buttocks. |
| What is the popliteus region? | Back of the knee. |
| What is the sural region? | Back of the lower leg. |
| What is the plantar region? | Sole of the foot. |
| What is the trunk? | Combination of thoracic, mammary, abdominal, naval, and coxal regions. |
| What is the cephalic region? | Combination of all head regions. |
| What is the upper limb region? | Combination of all arm regions. |
| What is the lower limb region? | Combination of all leg regions. |
| What does anterior (ventral) mean? | Toward the front of the body. |
| What does posterior (dorsal) mean? | Toward the back of the body. |
| What does superior (cranial) mean? | Above or higher than another part. |
| What does inferior (caudal) mean? | Below or lower than another part. |
| What does lateral mean? | Toward the side of the body. |
| What does medial mean? | Toward the middle of the body. |
| What does proximal mean? | Nearer to the trunk or point of attachment. |
| What does distal mean? | Farther from the trunk or point of attachment. |
| What does superficial mean? | Closer to the surface of the body. |
| What does deep mean? | Farther from the surface of the body. |
| What is a body plane? | An imaginary two-dimensional surface that passes through the body. |
| What does the sagittal plane divide? | Body into right and left sides. |
| What is the midsagittal plane? | Vertical plane dividing the body directly down the middle. |
| What is the parasagittal plane? | Vertical plane dividing the body into unequal right and left sides. |
| What does the frontal (coronal) plane divide? | Body into anterior (front) and posterior (rear) portions. |
| What does the transverse plane divide? | Body into upper and lower portions. |
| What are the two largest body cavities? | Dorsal (posterior) cavity and ventral (anterior) cavity. |
| What does the dorsal cavity contain? | Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity. |
| What does the cranial cavity house? | The brain. |
| What does the spinal (vertebral) cavity enclose? | The spinal cord. |
| What protects the brain and spinal cord? | Bones of the skull and vertebral column, and cerebrospinal fluid. |
| What are the two main subdivisions of the ventral cavity? | Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity. |
| What does the thoracic cavity contain? | Lungs and heart. |
| What separates the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities? | Diaphragm. |
| What does the abdominal cavity house? | Digestive organs. |
| What does the pelvic cavity house? | Organs of reproduction. |
| How many abdominal regions are there? | Nine. |
| How many abdominal quadrants are there? | Four. |
| What are the nine abdominal regions? | Right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac. |
| What are the four abdominal quadrants? | Right upper quadrant (RUQ), left upper quadrant (LUQ), right lower quadrant (RLQ), left lower quadrant (LLQ). |
| What is a serous membrane (serosa)? | Thin membrane that covers the walls and organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. |
| What is the parietal layer of serous membrane? | Lines the walls of the body cavity. |
| What is the visceral layer of serous membrane? | Covers the organs. |
| What is the space between parietal and visceral layers called? | Serous cavity. |
| What does the pleura surround? | Lungs. |
| What does the pericardium surround? | Heart. |
| What does the peritoneum surround? | Several organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| What do serous membranes do? | Cushion and reduce friction on internal organs. |
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