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Unit 1 Test
Homeostasis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is homeostasis? | The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment. |
| What is a set point in physiology? | The ideal value around which a physiological condition fluctuates. |
| What is a normal range? | The limited set of values around a set point that is considered healthy. |
| What is negative feedback? | A mechanism that reverses a deviation from the set point. |
| What is positive feedback? | A mechanism that intensifies a change in a physiological condition. |
| What are the three main components of a negative feedback system? | Sensor (receptor), control center, effector. |
| What is the role of a sensor in a feedback system? | It monitors a physiological value. |
| What does the control center do in a feedback loop? | Compares the sensor's input to the normal range and activates effectors. |
| What is the function of an effector in feedback regulation? | It causes changes to return conditions to the normal range. |
| What is an example of negative feedback in the human body? | Body temperature regulation or blood glucose regulation. |
| What part of the body controls body temperature? | The temperature regulation center in the brain. |
| How does the body respond to overheating? | Sweating, vasodilation, increased respiration. |
| What is vasodilation? | The widening of blood vessels to increase heat loss. |
| What hormone lowers blood glucose levels? | Insulin. |
| What cells release insulin? | Beta cells in the pancreas. |
| What happens when blood glucose is too high? | Insulin is released to lower it. |
| What happens to blood glucose during negative feedback? | It returns to the normal range. |
| What is an example of positive feedback in the body? | Childbirth or blood clotting. |
| What hormone is released during childbirth? | Oxytocin. |
| What is the stimulus in the childbirth feedback loop? | The baby pushing against the cervix. |
| What does oxytocin do during labor? | Stimulates stronger uterine contractions. |
| When does the positive feedback loop in childbirth stop? | When the baby is born. |
| What is the initial response to blood vessel injury? | Release of clotting substances. |
| What does positive feedback do in blood clotting? | Accelerates clotting to seal the wound. |
| Why must positive feedback have a clear endpoint? | To prevent it from going out of control and harming the body. |
| What is the result of activation of the brain's heat-loss center? | Heat is lost through skin blood flow, sweating, and respiration. |
| What triggers shivering during cold exposure? | Activation of the brain’s heat-gain center. |
| How does shivering produce heat? | Through muscle contractions that use ATP. |
| What hormone increases heat production by boosting metabolism? | Thyroid hormone. |
| What role does epinephrine play in cold response? | Breaks down glycogen for energy, increasing heat production. |
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