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AP gov unit 3
for unit 3 vocab quiz
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gridlock | the inability of the government to act because opposing parties control different parts of the government and cannot agree on a course of action |
| Formal Power | authority given to the president that is specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
| Informal Power | authority given to the president that is not specifically mentioned in the Constitution |
| Executive Order | a directive that carries the weight of law that is given by the president without the consent of Congress |
| Executive Agreement | a pact between the president and the head of a foreign nation. Unlike treaties, they do not require Senate consent and my only last for the duration of the president's term |
| Treaty | a formal, public agreement between the United States and on or more nations that must be approved by two-thirds of the Senate |
| Cabinet | the heads of the fifteen executive branch departments that also serve as advisors to the president |
| Bully pulpit | the president's use of his position and visibility to guide or influence the American public |
| State of the Union | an annual address given by the president to Congress in which the president outlines his legislative agenda |
| Executive Privilege | the president's ability to keep certain communications private. United States v. Nixon clarified its limitations |
| 22nd Amendment | this provision of the Constitution limits presidential terms to two, not to exceed 10 years |
| 25th Amendment | This provision of the Constitution states the process from presidential succession and disability |
| Veto | the presidential bill to deny a bill passed by Congress |
| Pocket veto | when a bill fails to become a law, because the president did not sign it within 10 days before Congress adjourned it |
| Line-Item Veto | the power to cancel specific dollar amounts within a bill. While the Supreme Court has ruled presidents may not use these, state governors still can. |
| Signing statement | issued by the president after passing a bill into a law; reveals what the president thinks of a new law and how it ought to be enforced |
| Impeachment | the constitutional process of bringing charges against a government official |
| Pardon | official forgiveness of a crime |
| Lame duck | an official still in office after he or she has lost a bid for re-election or has reached his/her term limit |
| Congressional Oversight | the authority of Congress to conduct hearings, investigations, and budget reviews regarding the actions of the executive branch |
| Bureaucracy | a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials |
| Executive Office of the President | the part of the executive branch that supports the president in his responsibilities, from security to trade |
| White House Staff | personnel who run day-to-day operations in the White House and advise the president. |
| Executive Department | 15 large agencies of the federal government that carry out laws and regulate within their respective areas. each is headed by a secretary |
| Independent Regulatory Commissions | agencies that are responsible for monitoring large government sectors, such as the Federal reserve, and are not subject to control by either Congress of the President |
| Government Corporations | a government agency that carries out business-like functions, such as the US Postal Service |
| Office of Management and Budget | this part of the bureaucracy helps the president prepare the budget for the fiscal year |
| Discretionary authority/Bureaucratic Discretion | the extent to which appointed bureaucrats can choose courses of action and make policies that are not spelled out in advance by the laws of Congress |
| Civil Service | the part of the government that fulfills the daily functions of the bureaucracy. these government workers are hired on the basis of merit |
| Merit System | procedure of hiring and promoting government employees on the basis of their abilities and competence rather than political favors |
| Pendleton Act | the law that created a merit-based system for the hiring of members of the civil service |
| Iron triangle | a mutually beneficial relationship between an agent, a congressional committee, and an interest group |
| Issue Network | a link of policy experts, interest groups, think tanks, congressional staff members, media pundits, etc. who regularly debate an issue |
| Appropriation | a legislative grant of money to finance a government program or agency |
| Regulation | the use of government authority to control or change business practices in the private sector |
Created by:
lesley_j
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