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Clinical Terms 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Craniosynostosis | premature fusion of one or more of the sutures in the skull. - dramatically affects skull shape |
| Sagittal Synostosis | Sagittal suture fuses prematurely so skull can't grow laterally as brain grows and must grow posteriorly - Long, narrow skull shape called (scaphocephaly) |
| Coronal Synostosis | Fusion of the coronal suture. Causes short and wide skull |
| Scaphocephaly | Shape of a skull with sagittal synostosis - Long narrow |
| Plagiocephaly | Asymmetric head shape - One part of the skull has an oblique flattening - Child sleeps on one side of the skull more than the other |
| Cleft Lip | Incomplete fusion of the upper jaw resulting in a split upper lip from the mouth to nose - unilateral or bilateral - more common in males |
| Cleft Palate | Congenital fissure of the midline of the palate - Left and right bones fuse incompletely or not at all - More common in females. |
| Kyphosis | Convex thoracic curvature, curving outwards - hunchback - many causes |
| Lordosis | Lumbar curvature forward/inward - protrusion of buttocks and abdomen - "swayback" |
| Scoliosis | Most common spinal curvature deformity. Lateral curvature - Occur during puberty or development when the vertebral arch and body fail to form - can be caused by muscular spasms or paralysis |
| Colles Fracture | - Fracture of the radius - broken wrist |
| Pott Fracture | Fracture of the tibia and often fibula - twisted ankel |
| Pes Cavus | Cave or claw foot - excessive arch |
| Talipes equinovarus | - Club foot - not enough room in the womb for the feet to stretch out |
| Pes planus | Flat foot - medial longitudinal arch is flattened - overweight |
| Limb malformation | May occur due to genetic or environmental influences |
| Polydactyly | - extra fingers - runs in families |
| Ectrodactyly | missing fingers - runs in families |
| Syndactyly | Fused fingers - Intermediate tissue between the digital rays fails to perform cell death |
| Amelia | complete absence of a limb |
| Phocomelia | short, poorly formed limb that resembles a flipper |
| Arthritis | - Inflammatory or degenerative disease |
| Gouty Arthritis | - urate crystals accumulate synovial joints |
| Osteoarthritis | wear- and- tear arthritis |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | autoimmune - immune cells target own body cells |
| Ankylosis | scar tissue forms following RA and bone ends fuse together - immobilizing the joint |
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