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A+P Exam #1

Mixed Review Terms

TermDefinition
Anatomy the study of the body's structures
Regional Anatomy the study of related structures in a particular REGION of the body
Systematic Anatomy the study of structures that make up a discrete body SYSTEM
Physiology the study of the chemistry and physics of the body's structures and how they work together to support life
Anabolism the process whereby smaller molecules are combined to create larger substances
Catabolism the process whereby larger substances are broken down into smaller molecules
Differentiation when unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function
Negative Feedback Loop works to maintain homeostasis, reversing any deviations from the body's set point
Positive Feedback Loop works to intensify a change, but always has an endpoint
Anterior (Ventral) the front side of body
Posterior (Dorsal) the back side of the body
Prone faced down
Supine faced up
Superior a position above
Inferior a position below
Lateral to the side of the body
Medial towards the middle of the body
Proximal describes a limb closer to the trunk of the body
Distal describes a limb further from the trunk of the body
Sagittal Plane divides the body vertically into right and left side
Coronal (Frontal) Plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sides
Transverse Plane divides the body into upper and lower sides
Superficial more external, closer to the surface
Midsagittal divided along the midline
Parasagittal not divided along the midline
Axial refers to head, neck, and trunk of the body
Appendicular refers to the limbs
Suspension liquid mixed with LARGE particles that settle when kept still EX: blood
Colloid liquid mixed with SMALL particles that remain suspended EX: milk
Solution solid/gas dissolved in a liquid that is translucent EX: blood plasma
Buffer a chemical system that resists changes in pH
Electrolytes ionic bonds that dissolves into ions in water and are capable of conducting electric currents
ER synthesize proteins, fats, and hormones
Golgi Apparatus processes proteins and lipids from ER
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes
Nucleus hold the cell's DNA and synthesizes DNA and RNA
Plasma Membrane made up of a selectively permeable phosolipid bilayer, encases cells, separating theECF from the ICF
Membrane Proteins transports and metabolizes items as well as communicates with other cells
Cytoplasm internal fluid (cytosol), cytoskeleton, and organelles
Mitochondria produces ATP and contains own DNA
Ribosomes synthesizes proteins, fats, and hormones; found free and membrane-bound
Secondary Active Transport when the passive transport of one substance drives active transport of another against its [ ] gradient; uses ATP indirectly
Phagocytosis pseudopods flow around a particle to be engulfed with thehelp of lysosomes; receptor mediated
Pinocytosis ECF is brought into the cell for nutrient absorption; not receptor mediated
Exocytosis fluid is excreted from the cell so that its materials can be transported
Tissue discrete populations of cells
Epithelial Tissue sheets of cells that line cover the body's surfaces and line cavities
Glands specialized epithelial tissues
Apical exposed to the surface of a cavity
Basal attached to connective tissue
Basement Membrane provides support and resists tearing
Connective tissue cells suspended in extracellular matrix, connecting and anchoring the body's structures
Collagen protein fiber that provides tensile strength
Elastic protein fiber that allows for stretch and recoil
Reticular protein fiber that provides support
Ground Substance a mixture of ECF, proteins, and carbs that cushions tissues and maintains cells
Osteocyte bone cells made up of calcium salts and collagen
Created by: MadisonFoleyReis
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