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urinary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Urology | the study of the urinary system |
| Urologist | a physician that specializes in the urinary system |
| Nephrologist | a physician that specializes in the disease and disorders of the kidneys |
| Kidneys | Bean-shaped organs, Located at back of abdominal cavity, against muscles of the back, on either side of spinal column |
| Hilum | entry and exit of kidney Entrance for renal artery and vein, nerves, and lymphatic vessels |
| renal artery | bring blood into the kidney |
| renal vein | brings the blood out of the kidney |
| ureter | caries urine out of the kidney to the bladder, Composed of three layers Each ureter approximately 8 to 12 inches long |
| Renal cortex | Soft and dense, Outermost layer of internal structure of kidney |
| Glomerulus | A network of tiny blood vessels (capillaries) helps with filtering the blood |
| Renal medulla | Deep within cortex, Contains cone-like structures called renal pyramids, transports the urine |
| renal pelvis | The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney |
| Adrenal Glands | Located on the top of the kidneys, Produce hormones |
| Nephrons | Tiny filtering units of the kidney, Help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Decide how much water and minerals to keep or remove from the body |
| Renal Corpuscle | Starts the filtering process |
| Bowman’s Capsule: | Surrounds the glomerulus, Collects the filtered fluid |
| Tubule System | Adjusts fluid and removes waste |
| Urinary Bladder | pear shape, Serves as reservoir for urine, Muscular sac in pelvic cavity |
| Urethra | Male urethra approximately 20 centimeter (7 inches) long and transports both urine and semen, |
| Prostate gland | produces fluid that nourishes sperm and helps with urination. |
| Formation of urine three processes: | Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion Consists of 95 percent water and 5 percent solid substances |
| Filtration | blood is filtered in the kidney, water waste and nutrients is filtered |
| Reabsorption | body takes back what it needs, and keep by the kidney |
| Secretion | waste product from filtration that mixed with water that has not been reabsorbed |
| Urine | 1,000 to 1,500 m L of urine voided daily Clear (not cloudy) Mildly aromatic odor |
| Clear | Over-hydrated |
| Pale Yellow | Well-hydrated – Normal |
| Dark Yellow | Slight dehydration |
| Amber | Dehydrated |
| Brown | Severe dehydration or illness |
| Anuria | a complete lack of urine excretion |
| Dysuria | Painful or difficult urination |
| Enuresis | Involuntary discharge of urine after the age by which bladder control should have been established |
| Hematuria | A condition of blood in the urine; usually a symptom of a disease process |
| Nocturia | Excessive urination during the night; may or may not be abnormal |
| Pyuria | Presence of pus in the urine |
| Cystitis | Inflammation of the bladder |
| Glomerulonephritis | Inflammation of kidneys that primarily affects the glomeruli |
| Stress Incontinence | Leaks when sneezing, laughing, or exercising due to pressure on the bladder. |
| Overactive Bladder | Sudden, strong urge to urinate; frequent trips to the bathroom. |
| Urge Incontinence: | Can't reach the toilet in time; leaking follows a strong urge. |
| Overflow Incontinence: | Bladder overfills; small releases and constant dribbling. |
| Transient Incontinence | Temporary; caused by infections or medications and resolves once treated. |
| Kidney Stones (Renal Calculi) | Formed when urine contains excess minerals or substances. |
| Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD | Characterized by multiple cysts forming inside and on the surface of the kidneys. |
| Renal Failure (Kidney Failure) | Kidneys stop functioning properly. Blood filtration is impaired, leading to a buildup of toxins and waste. |
| Acute Renal Injury | Sudden change in kidney filtering function. Impairs the kidneys’ ability to maintain normal body function. |
| Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) | Gradual, progressive loss of kidney function over months to years. Final stage is called End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). |
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