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muscular system

TermDefinition
masseter muscle used in chewing, jaw muscle
trapezius muscle of the upper back and neck, helps move the shoulders and neck.Helps lift and rotate the arm
sternocleidomastoid side of the neck; helps turn and tilt the head.
deltoid shoulder muscle; lifts the arm backward and outward
pectoralis major large muscle of the upper chest
biceps brachii front of the upper arm; bends the elbow.
tibialis anterior front of the lower leg; helps lift the foot.
rectus abdominis abs"; helps with posture and bending forward.
sartorius long, thin muscle running across the thigh; helps with leg movement.
quadriceps femoris a group of four muscles in the thigh
vastus lateralis part of the quadriceps on the outer thigh; helps extend the knee.
rectus femoris central thigh muscle; also part of the quadriceps group.
gastrocnemius main muscle of the calf, helps with walking and jumping.
soleus underneath the gastrocnemius; also helps with standing and walking.
Epimysium A thin layer that covers the whole muscle. Function: Keeps muscles separate from each other.
Perimysium Connective tissue that divides the muscle into bundles called fascicles.
Endomysium A protective layer that surrounds each individual muscle cell.
Tendon A thick, strong cord that connects muscle to bone.
Aponeurosis A flat, sheet-like tendon that connects muscle to muscle.
Origin The fixed point where a muscle attaches to a bone. This part does not move during contraction.
Insertion The movable point where the other end of the muscle attaches to a bone. This part moves when the muscle contracts.
Splenius capitis Function: Rotates the head and bends it to the side Location: Back of the neck
Orbicularis Oris  Function: Allows lips to pucker (as in kissing or whistling) Location: Around the mouth
Orbicularis Oculi  Function: Allows eyes to close (blinking, squinting) Location: Around the eyes
Platysma  Function: Pulls down the corners of the mouth (frowning) Location: Front of the neck
Pectoralis Major  Function: Pulls arm across the chest; rotates and adducts the arm Location: Chest
Latissimus Dorsi  Pulls the arm down, back, and inward Used in pulling and lifting
Deltoid Function: Abduction and extension of the arm at the shoulder Location: Shoulder
Serratus Anterior  Function: Pulls the scapula forward (important for shoulder movement) Location: Side of the chest, under the arm
Brachialis  Function: Flexes the arm at the elbow Location: Underneath the biceps, also in the upper arm
Brachioradialis Function: Flexes the forearm at the elbow Location: Forearm, near the thumb side
Triceps Brachii  Function: Extends the arm at the elbow Location: Back of the upper arm
Supinator  Function: Rotates the forearm laterally (turns palm upward) Location: Forearm, near the elbow
Pronator Function: Rotates the forearm medially (turns palm downward) Location: Forearm, near the elbow
Rotator Cuff Muscles  stabilize and rotate the shoulder
Diaphragm  Separates chest from abdomen Contracts to pull air into the lungs (inspiration)
serratus anterior boxers muscle pulls the scapula forward
Pectoralis Minor  Pulls the scapula (shoulder blade) downward Also helps raise the ribs during deep breathing
Pectoralis major
Hamstring Group Function: Flex the leg at the knee and extend the thigh
Biceps Femoris Function: Flex the leg at the knee and extend the thigh
Vastus Lateralis Function: Extend the leg at the knee
Rectus Femoris) Function: Extend the leg at the knee
Quadriceps Group Function: Extend the leg at the knee
Sartorius Function: Flexes knee and thigh, abducts thigh Helps in sitting cross-legged Longest muscle in the body
vastus intermedius Function: Extend the leg at the knee
vastus medialis Function: Extend the leg at the knee
Peroneus Turns the foot outward (eversion) Helps with plantar flexion
Flexor Digitorum Longus  Flexes the toes (bends them downward)
Extensor Digitorum Longus  Extends the toes (lifts them upward)
Created by: timya scales
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