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Week 6-12 Anatomy
Assignment 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the main role of axial muscles? | To support and move the head, neck, spine, and assist in breathing. |
| Which muscles are part of the appendicular group? | Muscles of the limbs and girdles (arms, legs, shoulders, hips). |
| What is the function of the rectus abdominis? | To rotate the trunk and flex the lateral torso. |
| Which muscle abducts the arm at the shoulder? | The deltoid. |
| What is the action of the trapezius muscle? | To move, rotate, and stabilize the scapula. |
| Where is the sternocleidomastoid located, and what does it do? | In the neck; it rotates and flexes the head. |
| What muscle is primarily responsible for chewing? | The masseter. |
| What is the function of the diaphragm? | To assist in breathing by contracting and relaxing. |
| Which muscle extends the leg at the knee joint? | The quadriceps femoris. |
| What are neurons? | Cells that transmit nerve impulses. |
| What do glial cells do? | Support, nourish, and protect neurons. |
| What part of the neuron receives signals? | The dendrites. |
| What part of the neuron sends signals? | The axon. |
| What is the myelin sheath? | A fatty covering that insulates axons and speeds up impulses. |
| What is the function of Schwann cells? | To form the myelin sheath in the PNS. |
| What are oligodendrocytes? | Glial cells that form myelin in the CNS. |
| What is the role of astrocytes? | To maintain the blood-brain barrier and support neurons. |
| What are microglia responsible for? | Acting as immune defense in the CNS. |
| What is a synapse? | A gap between neurons where neurotransmitters carry signals. |
| What structures make up the CNS? | The brain and spinal cord. |
| What is included in the PNS? | Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and sensory receptors. |
| What is the role of the ANS? | To control involuntary functions like heart rate and digestion. |
| What is the sympathetic nervous system responsible for? | The "fight-or-flight" response. |
| What is the parasympathetic nervous system responsible for? | The "rest-and-digest" response. |
| What part of the brain controls vital functions like heartbeat and breathing? | The medulla oblongata. |
| What structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres? | The corpus callosum. |
| What part of the brain coordinates movement and balance? | The cerebellum. |
| What protects the brain and spinal cord? | The meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
| What is the function of the spinal cord? | To transmit signals between the brain and body. |
| What is the main function of sensory receptors? | To detect changes in the environment and send signals to the CNS. |
| What is the retina? | The part of the eye that contains photoreceptors for vision |
| What structure focuses light on the retina? | The lens. |
| What is the cochlea responsible for? | Converting sound vibrations into nerve impulses. |
| What is the function of the semicircular canals? | To detect head rotation and help with balance. |
| What gland produces melatonin? | The pineal gland. |
| What does the thyroid gland regulate? | Metabolism, heart rate, and body temperature. |
| Which gland controls other endocrine glands? | The pituitary gland. |
| What is the function of insulin? | To lower blood sugar levels. |
| What is the role of adrenaline (epinephrine)? | To prepare the body for stress or emergency situations. |
| What is the primary function of the heart? | To pump blood throughout the body. |
| What are the two upper chambers of the heart called? | The right and left atria. |
| What are the two lower chambers of the heart called? | The right and left ventricles. |
| What valve separates the left atrium and left ventricle? | The mitral (bicuspid) valve. |
| What is the function of red blood cells? | To transport oxygen using hemoglobin. |
| What are platelets responsible for? | Blood clotting. |
| What is the function of white blood cells? | To fight infection. |
| What is systemic circulation? | The flow of oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. |
| What is pulmonary circulation? | The flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back. |
| What is the largest artery in the body? | The aorta. |
| What is the lymphatic system responsible for? | Returning fluid to the bloodstream and defending against disease. |
| What are lymph nodes? | Small structures that filter lymph and trap pathogens. |
| What is the spleen’s main function? | To filter blood and help fight infection. |
| What is the role of the thymus? | To mature T cells for immune defense. |
| What are antibodies? | Proteins that identify and neutralize foreign objects. |
| What are antigens? | Substances that trigger an immune response. |
| What type of immunity is acquired through vaccines? | Artificial active immunity. |
| What cells attack infected or cancerous cells? | T lymphocytes (T cells). |
| What is lymph? | Fluid that circulates in the lymphatic system. |
| What is innate immunity? | Immediate, non-specific defense present from birth |
| What is the primary function of the respiratory system? | To bring in oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. |
| What structure allows air to pass from the nose to the lungs? | The trachea. |
| What is the function of the alveoli? | To allow gas exchange between air and blood. |
| What muscle helps in inhalation? | The diaphragm. |
| What are bronchi? | Tubes that branch off the trachea and lead to each lung. |
| What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory tract? | To trap dust and pathogens. |
| What is tidal volume? | The amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath. |
| What part of the brain controls breathing rate? | The medulla oblongata. |
| What is external respiration? | Gas exchange between blood and body tissues. |
Created by:
MichisMitchell
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