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Chemical Levels/Elem
The Chemical Level of Organization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The human body is formed from _____ elements. | 26 |
| Four elements form 96% of the mass of the body which are ________, _________, __________, __________. | Oxygen (O), Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), and Nitrogen (N) |
| Eight elements that form 3.8% of body mass are: | Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Sulfur (S), Sodium (Na), Chlorine (Cl), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) |
| An atom consists of: | A nucleus with surrounding electrons. |
| A nucleus consists of: | Protons & neutrons. |
| Electrons: | Form a bridge-like structure that links atoms to each other forming molecules which are called Chemical bonds. |
| Chemical Bonds: | Are the bridge-like structure that links atoms to each other. |
| Ionic Bonds: | Bonds that break easily. Ex- Placing salt into water and the bonds are broken. |
| Before the formation of an ion each element is: | Neutral, has no charge. |
| Covalent Bonds are formed when: | Atoms share electrons. They are strong and resist breakage. |
| Hydrogen Bond is: | A bond that is formed when a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge attracts a partial negative charge. Ex- Water. |
| These two elements form water: | Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. |
| 1 of 4 principal types of chemical reactions in the body. | Synthesis or anabolism builds new and larger molecules, for ex- amino acids are the building blocks of protein. |
| 2 of 4 principal types of chemical reactions in the body. | Decomposition reactiona or catabolism split large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules, for ex- glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid in the cytoplasm of cells. |
| 3 of 4 principal types of chemical reactions in the body. | Exchange reactions consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions, for ex- AB + CB _> AD + BC |
| 4 of 4 principal types of chemical reactions in the body. | Reversible reactions allow a molecule to breakdown and reform. |
| Organic Compounds are: | The chemicals in the body that contain atoms of carbon. |
| Inorganic Compounds are: | The chemicals in the body that DO NOT contain atoms of carbon. |
| Inorganic acids, bases, and salts dissolve in water and dissociate which means: | The atoms separate. |
| Water servers and the _______________ for most chemical reactions in the body. | Medium |
| Water can solubilize many solutes, therefore is and important _______________________. | Solvent. |
| Water has a high _____________ capacity. | Heat. |
| Water is an inportant part of __________ and _______________ fluids that lubricates surfaces of the body. | Mucus and serous. |
| When atoms separate (ex- salt dissolving in water) the atoms: | Become charged as they gain or lose electrons. |
| pH scale runs from: | 0-14 |
| A pH of __ is neutral. | 7 |
| A pH higher than 7 is ____________. | Basic. |
| A pH below 7 is _____________ ____________. | Increasingly acidic. |
| In order to function properly the blood of the human body must have a pH between ___ & ___. | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| On the pH scare each number change represents a ___ fold change in pH. | 10 |
| ____________ in our blood protects our pH balance. | Buffers |
| Carbs, lipids, and proteins are _______________ ____________. | Organic compounds. |
| Carbohydrates include the following: | Sugars, starches, & glycogen. These compunds represent 2-3% of body mass. Carbs finction as a source of chemical energy by generating ATP. |
| Lipids include the following: | Fats & oils or tryglicerides, phospholipids, steriods, fatty acids & fat-soluble vitamins. Make up 18-25% of body mass. They do not dissolve in solvents like water so they are hydrophillic protein and form lipoproteins. |
Created by:
laurabland