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BACILLUS

QuestionAnswer
Bacillus anthracis: Distinguishing Features • Large, boxcar-like, gram-positive, spore-forming rods • Capsule is polypeptide (poly-d-glutamate) • Potential bioterrorism agent
Bacillus anthracis: Pathogenesis Anthrax toxin includes 3 protein components: -Protective antigen (B component) mediates entry of LF or EF into eukaryotic cells –Lethal factor kills cells –Edema factor is an adenylate cyclase (calmodulin-activated like pertussis adenylate cyclase)
Bacillus anthracis: Diseases Cutaneous anthrax: papule → papule with vesicles (malignant pustules) → central necrosis (eschar) • Pulmonary (woolsorter’s disease): life-threatening pneumonia with mediastinal hemorrhagic lymphadenitis • GI anthrax: edema and blockage of G tract
Bacillus anthracis: Treatment Ciprofloxacin or Doxycycline
Bacillus anthracis: Prevention Toxoid vaccine (AVA, acellular vaccine adsorbed)
Bacillus cereus: Distinguishing Feature Gram (+), spore forming, aerobic rods
Bacillus cereus: Transmission 1. Major association with fried rice from Chinese restaurants 2. Associated with food kept warm, not hot (buffets)
Bacillus cereus: Pathogenesis 1. Emetic Toxin: preformed fast (1–6 hours) with vomiting and diarrhea and associated with fried rice. 2. Diarrheal Toxin produced in vivo (meats, sauces): 18 hours LT: increasing cAMP → watery diarrhea
Created by: Jameel D. Wilson
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