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Human Digestive Syst
based on the AAPC CPC Certification study materials
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Oral Cavity | the mouth; includes the lips, teeth, cheeks, first 2/3 of the tongue, hard and soft palates, and salivary glands for first phase of digestion. |
| Pharynx | space behind the nasal cavity and mouth; a common pathway shared for food and air. |
| Esophagus | muscular tube connecting the oral cavity to the stomach; used for food and liquids. |
| Epiglottis | flap located at the back of the pharynx, allows food and liquid to travel to esophagus without entering the trachea. |
| Stomach | muscular organ responsible for second phase of digestion. |
| Pancreas | endocrine gland also responsible for production of digestive enzymes (pancreatic juice) used in the small colon. |
| Liver | largest internal organ; detoxifies poisonous substances in the human body, as well as storing glycagen and various elements. Produces bile to be used in the small intestine. |
| Gallbladder | stores bile created by the liver, and releasing into small intestine when needed for digestion. |
| Small Intestines | involved in completion of absorption from digested foods, runs from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal junction. |
| Duodenum | first part of small intestine; digests and absorbs nutrients (vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and water from chyme. |
| Jejunum | middle of small intestine; further digests and absorbs from chyme. |
| Ileum | last of small intestines; connects the cecum (of the large intestine), further digests and absorbs from chyme. |
| Large Intestines | continues some re-absorption of water and absorption of vitamins, and forms and expels feces (stool). |
| Cecum | first part of large intestines/colon; absorbs water & electrolytes; introduces mucus to chyme to help passage through the rest of the colon. |
| Ascending colon | second part of large intestines; absorbs water & electrolytes as well as compacting waste; gut bacteria break down fibers; ends at the hepatic flexure. |
| Transverse colon | third (and longest) part of the large intestines; continued absorption and formation of semi-solid feces. Ends at the splenic flexure. |
| Descending colon | fourth part of the large intestines; stores and propels stool toward the final section of bowl; final water absorption. |
| Sigmoid colon | fifth and final part of large intestines; named for its 'S' shape; pressure sensing & contraction begin here to cause a bowel movement. |
| Rectum | final storage for feces before elimination; works with Sigmoid colon for pressure sensing and contracture to cause bowel movements. |
| Anus | external opening at the end of the digestive tract; includes the internal and external anal sphincters for bowel control. |
| Chyme | semi-fluid, pulpy mass of partially digested food and digestive secretions; name for material as it is in the process of being digested. |
Created by:
FosseJazzer
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