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Week 8 Anatomy
Chapter 20 CNS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three layers of the meninges from outer to inner? | Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater |
| Where is the spinal cord located and where does it end? | It runs inside the vertebral canal and ends around the L1–L2 vertebra. |
| What is the basic structure of the spinal cord? | Outer white matter (myelinated axons), inner gray matter (cell bodies), central canal with CSF |
| What are the six major divisions of the brain? | Medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebrum |
| What does the cerebellum do? | Coordinates skeletal muscle movement, balance, and posture |
| What is the structure of the cerebellum? | Two hemispheres with a folded surface; connected by a central band called the vermis |
| What are the main parts of the cerebrum? | Two hemispheres, four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital), cerebral cortex, and deep white matter |
| What is the general structure of a spinal nerve? | Has a dorsal root (sensory), ventral root (motor), merges into a mixed spinal nerve |
| What are the four major plexuses and one nerve from each? | Cervical: Phrenic nerve Brachial: Radial/ulnar nerve Lumbar: Femoral nerve Sacral: Sciatic nerve |
| What does the autonomic nervous system control? | Involuntary body functions like heart rate, digestion, pupil size |
| What are the two major subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic (fight/flight) and Parasympathetic (rest/digest) |
| How do sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways differ? | Sympathetic: Short preganglionic, long postganglionic, uses norepinephrine Parasympathetic: Long preganglionic, short postganglionic, uses acetylcholine |
| What neurotransmitters are used in the autonomic nervous system? | Sympathetic: Norepinephrine (adrenergic receptors) Parasympathetic: Acetylcholine (cholinergic receptors) |
| Where are adrenergic and cholinergic receptors found? | Adrenergic: On target organs of sympathetic nerves Cholinergic: On target organs of parasympathetic nerves and all autonomic ganglia |
Created by:
MichisMitchell
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