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Week 7 Anatomy
Chapter 18 Nervous System Cells
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two main types of cells in the nervous system? NE & NEU GLI | Neurons and neuroglia (glial cells) |
| What is the primary function of neurons? TRANS ELEC SIG THROU THE BOD | To transmit electrical signals (nerve impulses) throughout the body. |
| What are neuroglia? SUPP CEL THAT PR,NOU,SUP NEUR | Support cells that protect, nourish, and support neurons. |
| Name the four main structural parts of a neuron. CB (SOMA) DEN AX AX TE (SYNATPTIC TERM) | CELL BODY (SOMA DENDRITES AXON AXON TEMINALS (SYNAPTIC TERMINALS) |
| What is the role of dendrites? RECI INCO SIGN FROM OTHER NEU AND TRANS TOWARD THE CE BOD | Receive incoming signals from other neurons and transmit them toward the cell body. |
| What is the function of the axon? CONDUC NER IMPU AWA FRO TH CEL BOD TOWARD OTHER NEUR OR EFF | Conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body toward other neurons or effectors. |
| What is the axon hillock? WHERE THE AX JOI THE CEL BOD /ACT POTEN ARE INIT | The region where the axon joins the cell body; the site where action potentials are initiated. |
| What are synaptic terminals? ENDI OF THE AX THAT RELE NEUR TRANSM TO COMM WITH OTHER CEL | Endings of the axon that release neurotransmitters to communicate with other cells. |
| What are the three functional classes of neurons? SEN (AFF) MOT (EFF) INTER (ASS NEU) | Sensory (afferent), motor (efferent), and interneurons (association neurons). |
| What is the role of sensory neurons? TRANS TO THE CNS | Transmit sensory information from receptors to the CNS. |
| What is the role of motor neurons? | Carry commands from the CNS to muscles or glands (effectors). |
| What are interneurons? NEU LOCATE WITHIN THE CNS AND CONN SEN AND MOT NEUR | Neurons located entirely within the CNS that connect sensory and motor neurons. |
| What is the difference between myelinated and unmyelinated axons? | Myelinated axons have a myelin sheath that speeds up impulse conduction; unmyelinated do not. |
| What cells produce myelin in the CNS and PNS? OLIG DENR CYT IN THE CNS: SCH CEL IN THE PNS | Oligodendrocytes in the CNS; Schwann cells in the PNS. |
| What is the function of the myelin sheath? INSUL AX AND INC THE SPE OF NER IMP TRANSMI | Insulates axons and increases the speed of nerve impulse transmission. |
| What is a node of Ranvier? GAP IN THE MYE SHE WHERE THE AX MEM IS EXP AND ACT POT ARE REGEN | Gaps in the myelin sheath where the axon membrane is exposed and action potentials are regenerated. |
| Name the six types of neuroglia in the CNS. AST, OLI,MIC,EPE, SCHW | Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, satellite cells, and Schwann cells. |
| What is the main role of astrocytes? SUPP NEU, MANTAIN THE BLO-BRA BARRI, REGUL ION BAL AND REP TISS | Support neurons, maintain the blood-brain barrier, regulate ion balance, and repair tissue. |
| What do microglia do? ACT AS PHAGO, CLE UP DEB AND PATHO IN THE CNS | Act as phagocytes, cleaning up debris and pathogens in the CNS. |
| What is the function of ependymal cells? LINE THE VEN OF THE BRA & CEN CAN OF THE SPIN COR; HEL PROD & CIRCULATE CERE BRO SPI FL (CSF) | Line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord; help produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). |
| What is the function of satellite cells? SORR NEU CEL BOD IN THE PNS AND REG THEIR ENVI | Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS and regulate their environment. |
| What are Schwann cells responsible for? FORM MYE SHE AROUND PNS AX AND AIDI IN NER REGEN | Forming myelin sheaths around PNS axons and aiding in nerve regeneration. |
| What is nerve regeneration, and in which nervous system is it more efficient? | Repair of damaged axons; more efficient in the PNS due to Schwann cells. |
| What is the resting membrane potential of a neuron typically? ABOUT - NAME BRAND JEANS GRACE STOLE | About -70 millivolts (mV), meaning the inside is negative relative to the outside. |
| What ions mainly contribute to the resting membrane potential? PO AND SO (K+) (Na+) | Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), with K+ leak channels playing a big role. |
| How does an action potential propagate along an axon? sequ depo and repo of mem segm | By sequential depolarization and repolarization of membrane segments. |
| What happens at a chemical synapse? NEU TRANS ARE RELE FROM THE PRE SYNA TIC NEU AND BIND RECEP ON THE POSTSY NEU | Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind receptors on the postsynaptic neuron. |
| Name some common neurotransmitters. ACETY CHO LIN DOP SER NOR (EPI GLUT MAT GAB | Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, glutamate, and GABA. |
| What is the difference between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters? EXCIT NEUR INC THE LIKEL OF AN ACT POT: INH DEC IT | Excitatory neurotransmitters increase the likelihood of an action potential; inhibitory decrease it. |
| What is neuroplasticity? NERV SYS ABILITY TO CHA AND AD ESPECIALLY BY FORM NEW SYNA CONN | The nervous system's ability to change and adapt, especially by forming new synaptic connections. |
Created by:
MichisMitchell
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