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Week 3 Anatomy
Chapter 5 Cell structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three main parts of a human cell? | Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. |
| Define Plasma Membrane | The outer boundary of the cell made of a phospholipid bilayer that controls what enters and exits. |
| What is the function of the plasma membrane? | Regulates movement in and out of the cell and allows communication with the environment. |
| Define Cytoplasm | The fluid (cytosol) and organelles inside the plasma membrane but outside the nucleus. |
| What are organelles? | Specialized structures within the cytoplasm that perform specific cellular functions. |
| Define Nucleus | The control center of the cell that contains genetic material (DNA). |
| The __________ contains the nucleolus and controls protein synthesis and cell division. | nucleus |
| What does the nucleolus do? | Synthesizes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembles ribosomes. |
| Define Ribosomes | Tiny organelles that build proteins by linking amino acids together. |
| What’s the difference between free and attached ribosomes? | Free float in the cytoplasm and make proteins for inside the cell; attached are on the rough ER and make proteins for export or membranes. |
| Define Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | A network of membranes in the cytoplasm; smooth ER synthesizes lipids, rough ER has ribosomes and makes proteins |
| What does the Golgi apparatus do? | Modifies, packages, and ships proteins and lipids for secretion or internal use. |
| The __________ are called the “powerhouses” of the cell because they make ATP. | mitochondria |
| Define Mitochondria | Organelles that produce ATP through aerobic cellular respiration |
| What do lysosomes do? | Contain digestive enzymes that break down waste, damaged organelles, and invading pathogens. |
| Define Peroxisomes | Organelles that detoxify harmful substances and break down fatty acids. |
| What is the cytoskeleton made of? | Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
| Define Microtubules | Thick, hollow tubes that help form centrioles, cilia, and flagella; part of the cytoskeleton. |
| What’s the function of centrioles? | Organize spindle fibers during cell division |
| The __________ are short hair-like structures that help move substances across the cell surface. | cilia |
| What is the difference between cilia and flagella? | Cilia are short and numerous; flagella are long and few (e.g., sperm tail). |
| Define Cell Inclusions | Nonliving substances in the cytoplasm, like pigments, glycogen, and lipid droplets. |
| What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm called? | Cytosol |
| The __________ is a selective barrier formed by a double layer of phospholipids and proteins. | plasma membrane |
| What is the main structural component of the plasma membrane? | Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins. |
| Define Integral Protein | Protein that spans the entire membrane and assists in transport. |
| What does the glycocalyx do? | Acts as a cell ID marker and protects the outer surface. |
| Which organelle is involved in lipid and steroid synthesis and detoxification? | Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (Smooth ER) |
Created by:
MichisMitchell
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