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Stephanie Schultz
Human Anatomy: Study stack assignment 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitochondria | the “powerhouses” of cells that provide energy needed by the cell to carry on day-to-day function-ing, growth, and repair |
| Golgi apparatus | —set of sacs that provides a “packaging” service to the cell by storing material for future internal use or for export from the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | network of channels within the cell that act as “highways” for the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing |
| anatomical position | position the body is in an erect, or standing, posture with the arms at the sides and palms turned forward. The head and feet are also pointing forward. |
| Medullary | inner region or core of an organ the inner region of the kidney is the medulla |
| Cortical | an outer region or layer of an organ structures found in the outer layer of kidney tissue (the cortex of the kidney) |
| Basal | base or widest part of an organ |
| Apical | narrow tip of an organ |
| sagittal plane | Any lengthwise plane running from front to back and top to bottom, dividing the body or any of its parts into right and left sides |
| coronal plane | lengthwise plane running from side to side and top to bottom, dividing the body or any of its parts into anterior and posterior por-tions |
| transverse plane | Any crosswise plane that divides the body or any of its parts into upper and lower parts |
| cross-section | cut along a plane parallel with the short axis of an organ |
| dorsal cavities | back of the body early in development as bones grow around the tube that eventually forms our central nervous system. The dorsal cavities include the cranial cavity and spinal cavity. |
| ventral cavities | the thoracic cavity (chest cavity) and the abdominopelvic cavity. |
| Crural | leg |
| Olecrana | back of the elbow |
| Mental | Chin |
| four basic components in every feedback control loop | Sensor mechanism 2. Integrator or control center 3. Effector mechanism 4. Feedback |
| negative feedback. | 1. temperature regulation 2.excretion of larger than usual volumes of urine |
| Positive feedback | often harmful, positive feedback tends to amplify or rein-force the change that is occurring baby born |
| atomic number | number of protons in an atom’s nucleus |
| Isotopes | same number of protons but differ-ent numbers of neutrons |
| ionic, or electrovalent, bond | transfer of elec-trons from one atom to another strong electrostatic force that binds the positively and negatively charged ions together in a crystal. |
| covalent bond | sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer energy levels of two atoms |
| hydrogen bond | polar |
| Anabolism | many chemical reactions that build larger and more complex chemical molecules from smaller subunits ATP carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| electrolytes. | acids, bases, and salts break up, or dissociate, in solution to form charged particles, or ions. |
| neutrality | A pH of 7 indicates |
| acidity | A pH of less than 7 |
| alkalinity | A pH of greater than 7 |
| disaccharides | double sugars |
| polysaccharides | complex sugars |
| Glycogen | animal starch |
| Lipids | Nonpolar triglycerides or fats, phospholipids, steroids, and prostaglandins |
| peptide bond | one that binds the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another amino acid |
| Prostaglandins (PGs) | tissue hormones, are lipids com-posed of a 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid that contains a 5-carbon ring role in regulating the effects of several hormones |
| Major Functions of Human Protein Compounds | Provide structure Catalyze chemical reaction Transport substances in blood Communicate information to cells Act as receptors Defend body against many harmful agents Provide energy |
| DNA | Double; very long Deoxyribose Adenine–thymine (A–T) Guanine–cytosine (G–C) |
| RNA | Single or double; short Ribose Adenine–uracil (A–U) Guanine–cytosine (G–C) |
| Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) | Transfers energy from fuel molecules to working molecules energy currency of cells. |
| Lysosomes | Tiny membranous bags containing enzymes a cell’s “digestive system” |
| Mitochondria | Tiny membranous capsule surrounding an inner, highly folded membrane embedded with enzymes; has small, ringlike chromosome (DNA) “power plants” |
| Ribosomes | Small particles assembled from two tiny subunits of rRNA and protein “protein factories” |
| Microvilli | Short, fingerlike extensions of plasma membrane; supported internally by microfilaments |
| Cilia and flagella | Cilia move substances over the cell surface or detect changes outside the cell; flagella propel sperm cells |
| hydrophilic | water loving |
| hydrophobic | water fearing |
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stephanies7169
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