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sonography
sonography lecture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anastamosis | connection of the two hollow or tubular structures |
| aneurysm | localized balloon like enlargement of an artery |
| atheroma | fatty deposit within an arterial wall |
| atherosclerosis | hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque build-up |
| arteriosclerosis | abnormal hardening of arterial walls |
| bifurcation | having two branches or divisions, forked |
| lumen | channel or opening within the vessel through which blood flows |
| occlusion | closed state or blockage |
| plaque | build up of cholesterol or fat within the arterial wall |
| stenosis | abnormal narrowing of vessel |
| syncope | brief loss of consciousness caused by cerebral hypoxia, loos of oxygen |
| tortuous | having many twists or turns |
| thrombus | blood clot attached to interior wall of a vein or artery |
| anechoic | without echoes, ex. blood |
| hypoechoic | low level echoes, ex. thyroid |
| hyperechoic | high level of echoes, ex. bone |
| homogeneous | all the same level of echoes |
| heterogeneous | many different echo levels |
| doppler | evaluation of the presence, speed and character of blood flow within the vessels |
| aliasing | the wrapping around of the spectral waveform that can result from high velocity of blood flow, nyquist limit is exceeded |
| overall gain | when the image is too dark to too light overall |
| focus | this optimizes your gray scale image by providing a clearer image, and optimizing your color image as well |
| doppler angle | this should be set between 45 and 60 degrees to achieve an accurate velocity measurement |
| sample volume gate (SVG) | should be placed midstream (center of the vessel) angle cursor parallel to the blood flow and the gate set between 1.5-2 mm |
| wall filter | will increase or decrease echoes present due to wall thumping *always set on low |
| heal-toe rocking | this is important to do when a vessel is perpendicular to the beam and runs horizontal across the beam |
| doppler gain | adjust the overall gray scale of the doppler spectral wave form |
| doppler effect | a shift in frequency caused by motion ( moving RBC's) *sound of train from far away to close to you |
| doppler | acceleration to deceleration to diacrotic notch to peak velocity to boundary layer(envelope) to diastole |
| sweep speed | changes spped of the doppler spectral display |
| doppler gain | knob that controls the strength of the doppler signal displayed |
| PRF (pulse repetition frequency) | if low, doppler aliases....if high, signal is too small to assess |
| baseline | controls level of baseline on the spectral doppler display |
| invert | switch inversts doppler signal from above to below the baeline |
Created by:
lgibbs
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