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DIgestive System Voc

Vocab for test on Thursday

QuestionAnswer
Alimentary Canal Continuous, coiled, hollow muscular tube that winds through the ventral body cavity and is open at both ends.
Uvula Fleshy fingerlike projection of the soft palate.
Lingual Frenulum Secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth.
Esophagus Passageway for food running from the pharynx to the stomach.
Submucosa Soft connective tissue layer containing blood vessels, nerve endings, lymph nodules, and lymphatic vessels in the esophagus.
Muscularis Externa A muscle layer typically made up of an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle cells in the esophagus.
Serosa Outermost layer of the esophagus.
Cardioesophageal Sphincter Valve between stomach and the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter Valve between the stomach and small intestine.
Rugae Folds of the stomach.
Chyme Name for food after it has been digested in the stomach.
Microvilli Tiny projections of the plasma membrane of the mucosa cells of the small intestines.
Villi Fingerlike projections of the mucosa of the small intestines that contain capillary beds.
Lacteal Modified lymphatic capillary inside each villus.
Appendicitis Inflammation of the appendix.
Masticate To chew.
Deciduous Teeth Baby teeth or milk teeth
Permanent Teeth Teeth that come in after you lose your deciduous teeth.
Incisors Chisel shaped teeth adapted for cutting.
Canines Teeth used for piercing.
Premolars and Molars teeth used best for grinding
Crown The upper part of the tooth you can see.
Root The bottom of the tooth that extends into your gums
Gingiva Gums
Enamel hard, calcified substance that covers the crown of a tooth
Dentin A bonelike material, under the enamel that makes up most of the tooth
Pulp Connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve fibers inside the tooth.
Mumps Inflammation of the parotid glands.
Bolus Rounded mass of food prepared by the mouth for swallowing
Salivary Amylase An enzyme that begins the process of starch digestion in the mouth.
Pancreas Soft, pink, triangular gland that produces enzymes for breaking down all types of foods
Liver Largest gland in the body; produces bile
Bile Fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Gallbladder Small, thin walled green sac that stores bile
Peristalsis Involves alternating waves of contraction and relaxation of the muscles to move food
Deglutition Swallowing
Nutrient A substance in food that is used by the body to promote natural growth.
Carbohydrates Sugars and starches
Lipids fats and cholesterol
Proteins Molecules made up of amino acids
Vitamins Organic nutrients needed by the body in small amounts
Minerals Inorganic substances that the body needs,
Metabolism All chemical reactions in the body needed to maintain life.
Catabolism substances are broken down into simpler substances
Anabolism larger molecules are built from smaller ones.
Cellular Respiration Process which produces ATP from the breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen
Glycolysis breakdown of glucose into pyruvic acid
Hyperglycemia Excessively high levels of glucose in the blood.
Hypoglycemia Glucose levels are too low in the blood.
Acidosis blood becomes acidic.
Glycogen large polysaccharide moleclue which stores thousands of glucose molecules
Cholesterol Makes up steroid hormones, vitamin D, & plasma membranes
LDLs Transport cholesterol and other lipids to body cells.
HDLs Transport cholesterol from the tissue cells to the liver for disposal
Basal Metabolic rate Amount of heat produced by the body per unit of time at rest
Polyps Benign mucosal tumors.
Created by: trish11
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