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Govt. Final vocab
Judicial and Executive
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| the party who initiates [brings] a lawsuit (aka the person suing someone). | plaintiff |
| the party against whom a lawsuit is brought (aka the person being sued). | defendant |
| how SCOTUS decides which cases it will hear. | rule of four |
| To allow justices an opportunity to question the attorneys. | oral arguments |
| The majority of all court cases heard in the United States each year are heard in | state courts |
| Cases that can only be heard in federal courts possess which type of jurisdiction? | Exclusive Jurisdiction |
| Which type of jurisdiction signifies a case can be heard in either federal or state court? | Concurrent Jurisdiction |
| A court in which a case is heard for the first time is said to possess what type of jurisdiction? | Original Jurisdiction |
| federal courts exercise both original and appellate jurisdiction? | the U.S. Supreme Court |
| Identify the type of officer of the court that is similar to a local county sheriff because they make arrests, keep the accused in custody, and serve legal papers. | U.S. Marshal |
| Who is responsible for representing the federal government before SCOTUS? | U.S. Solicitor General |
| Justices who disagree with the Opinion of the Court may register their views by writing a | dissenting opinion. |
| Interpretation: When (former) Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes said that the Constitution "means what the judges [justices] say it means," he was most likely referring to SCOTUS's | power of judicial review. |
| What does stare decisis mean in the context of the American legal system? | To let the decision [of a previous case] stand |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) is a landmark SCOTUS case because it established | the principle of judicial review. |
| current Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court | John G. Roberts |
| Promotion of judges' personal views and modern interpretation of the Constitution | judicial activism |
| Deference [respect] to the laws or actions of the elected branches | judicial restraint |
| Identify the department, group, or nongovernmental organization that traditionally rates judicial nominees as "well qualified," 'qualified," or "not qualified." | American Bar Association (ABA) |
| Law which is passed by city councils, state legislatures, and/or Congress is most accurately known as | Statutory Law. |
| This type of law is created through formal rules and regulations of executive branch departments and/or independent agencies. | Administrative Law |
| In which type of case is a lower standard of proof/evidence, known as "the preponderance of the evidence," used? | civil |
| seeking to provide fairness, justice, and right. | equity |
| To decide whether or not the government (prosecution) may bring a criminal charge against a person | grand jury |
| During what step (or portion) of the criminal justice process is an accused person formally notified of charges and then is typically asked to enter a plea in response to such charges? | arraignment |
| As part of the jury selection process, potential jurors are frequently asked a series of questions from the judge and both attorneys, during a process known as [Hint: "speak the truth"] | voir dire. |
| When a previously convicted individual is freed from custody but is placed under continuing supervision as an alternative to imprisonment, they are said to be on | probation |
| order, issued by SCOTUS (or an appellate court) to a lower court, requesting the records of a particular case for review | writ of certiorari |
Created by:
lilmajor
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