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Unit 8

Civil Liberties and Rights

TermDefinition
Establishment Clause Guarantees that the government cannot endorse an official religion.
Free Exercise Clause Guarantees that people are free to choose their own religious beliefs.
Libel Unprotected false written statements to damage a person's reputation.
Slander Unprotected false speech to damage a person's reputation.
Obscenity Unprotected highly offensive or indecent forms of speech.
Double Jeopardy The prosecution of a person twice for the same crime.
Equal Protection Clause Requires that States must provide equal protection under the law to all people - Part of the 14th Amendment (1868).
Due Process Clause Requires that States may not deny life, liberty or property without due process - Part of the 14th Amendment (1868).
Civil Liberties Freedoms that protect individuals from government action.
1st Amendment Protects the freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition.
2nd Amendment Protects the right of people to bear arms and the States to have a well regulated militia.
3rd Amendment Guarantees that people will not be forced to quarter soldiers in their homes.
4th Amendment Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.
5th Amendment Protects due process and against self incrimination and double jeopardy.
6th Amendment Protects due process and the rights to a speedy trial, impartial jury, and legal council.
7th Amendment Protects the right to a trial by jury in a civil case where a claim is more than $20 in value.
8th Amendment Protects against excessive fines or bail and cruel or unusual punishments.
9th Amendment States that the people have unenumerated rights that are not explicitly stated in the Constitution.
10th Amendment States that the States and the people retain all powers not granted to the federal government in the Constitution.
Sedition Unprotected speech that encourages the overthrow of a lawful government.
Miranda Rights Rights possessed by persons who are arrested by the police.
Pleading the Fifth When a person refuses to answer questions to prevent self incrimination.
Due Process Legal procedures that ensure fair treatment of people under law.
Civil Rights Government actions to ensure equal treatment under the law.
15th Amendment (1870) Guaranteed the right to vote cannot be denied based on race.
19th Amendment (1920) Guaranteed the right to vote cannot be denied based on sex.
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Supreme Court ruling that all schools must integrate.
Title IX (1972) Prohibited discrimination based on sex in education activities or programs that receive federal aid.
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited all forms of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Prohibited discriminatory voting practices such as literacy tests and poll taxes.
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) Prohibited discrimination based on disability in employment and public places.
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Supreme Court ruling that required States to recognize same - sex marriages.
Equal Pay Act People doing the same work must receive the same compensations regardless of sex.
Warrant A legal paper, issued by a court, giving police permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search.
Unenumerated Rights Any right that is not specifically addressed in the Constitution that still may be protected.
Created by: MHSGovernment
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