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Found. Cases/Docs
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Declaration of Independence | Natural Rights of life liberty and property, Social Contract (consent of the governed), the people can overthrow a government, grievances with the king |
| Articles of Confederation | Weak central government (lack of executive and judicial, inability to levy taxes, difficulties in passing laws because unanimous state vote) and first national government |
| The Constitution of the United States | Structure of government (Separation of powers, checks and balances, state government has power), powers of the branches (formal powers of each branch) |
| Bill of Rights - Counts as Part of Constitution | First ten amendments that guarantee individual freedoms (Ex. Freedom of Religion, Free Speech, Protest and Press; freedom of guns; freedom from police in your house; states have powers the government does not) |
| Federalist No. 10 | Dangers of factions and how to control them, a bigger government controls factions better because it makes it harder to gain a majority; against Brutus I |
| Brutus No. 1 | The government has the potential to override state government and individuals rights, state government will be destroyed, state government listens to the people more, opposition of ratification of the constitution |
| Federalist No. 51 | Checks and balances are necessary, rationale for the balance of powers, prevents any one branch when becoming too powerful |
| Federalist No. 70 | A single executive is superior to a plural executive because a single executive is more efficient and is easier to hold accountable because there's only one person to blame |
| Federalist No. 78 | Lifetime appointment to the SC is necessary to keep judges impartial, the Supreme Court needs the power of judicial review to check Congress, but it isn't overpowered because the laws are already null and void when unconstitutional |
| Letter from Birmingham Jail | Freedom has never been given, only when demanded, civil disobedience, nonviolent protest, civil rights activism |
| Marbury v Madison | Judicial Branch established judicial review as a way to check and balance the other branches |
| McCulloch v Maryland | Federal government is superior over state laws and state can't tax a federal bank (supremacy clause); Federal Government can have a national bank (necessary and proper clause); increased federal supremacy |
| United States v Lopez | Congress cannot use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime; limited federal supremacy |
| Engel v Vitale | School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause of the 1st amendment (Bill of Rights) |
| Wisconsin v Yoder | Forcing Amish students to attend school past the 8th grade violates the free exercise clause of the 1st Amendment (Bill of Rights) |
| Tinker v Des Moines | Public school students cannot have their 1st amendment violated on campus unless their speech "disrupts the learning environment" |
| New York Times v United States | Ensures freedom of the press clause of the 1st amendment, limiting restraint except for in cases of national security |
| Schenk v US | Clear and present danger is not protected speech under the 1st amendment |
| Gitlow v New York | Selective incorporation doctrine; applied the due process clause of the 14th amendment to make the Bill of Rights apply to states |
| Gideon v Wainwright | Those who cannot afford an attorney will be provided with one now applied to the states because of the 14th amendment applying the 6th Amendment |
| Roe v Wade | Used the 4th Amendments right to privacy to rule that states cannot prevent women from having abortions; applied because of the 14th amendment |
| McDonald v Chicago | The 2nd Amendment applies to the state, so the states can't limit gun ownership for self-protection; applied because of the 14th amendment |
| Brown v Board of Education | School segregation violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment - overturned Plessy v Ferguson's separate but equal doctrine |
| Baker v Carr | "One person one vote", districts have to be repportioned to ensure that everyone has equal representation after Tennessee kept districts the same even after urban migration (equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment) |
| Shaw v Reno | Prohibit states from racial gerrymandering, no making districts only based on race, they made a really weirdly shaped race district to give black people more of a vote (Equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment) |
| Buckley v Valeo | Campaign donations were protected expression and cannot be limited by the government (1st amendment freedom of speech) |
| Citizen United v Federal Election Commission | Political spending by cooperations and organizations is protected speech and cannot be limited (1st amendment) |
Created by:
Azarath4
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