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AP Euro Unit 5
Terms and Important stuff from Unit 5 (18th Cen. Conflict, Crisis, & Reaction)
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| (FR) Three Estates | - The 1st and 2nd estates had more control than the 3rd estate - Emmanuel Joseph Siyes wanted the 3rd estate to take over both 1st and 2nd estates since regime is outdated - Call for revolution arises |
| (FR) Tax Farming | - Unsystematic form of tax collection - Lots of inequality - A long term cause of the FR |
| (FR) American revolution | - Financial aid given to America from French so they can break free of Britain's control and be absolutist - Enlightenment happens instead |
| (FR) Madame Deficit | - Name given to Marie Antoinette - Means "always spending" - Symbol of French spending - Long term cause of FR |
| (FR) Cahiers | Grievances of the people |
| (FR) Tennis Court Oath | - Pledge created by the National Assembly that were formed by members of 3rd estate - Said they wanted a constitution - King Louis didn't really care - Start of FR |
| (FR) The Bastille July 14th 1789 | - A prison that wasn't well defended so drunk Parisians raided it - Shows power of General Will (mob) - King forced to celebrate collapse of the political prision - Fear drove people to attack Bastille |
| (FR) The Great Fear (1789) | - Being scared motivates them - Break into nobles' houses - Destroyed important documents regarding land ownership - Refused to pay Feudal dues - Took possession of land they felt was theirs |
| (FR) Declaration of the Rights of Man & Citizen (DOROMAC) | - Written by National Assembly - Brought up concepts of basic rights and liberties to the government & people - Represented 3rd estate -Influenced by Rousseau - Was seen as radical - Criticism is excludes women |
| (FR) March to Versailles (1789) | - Women protesting for food for their children - Even after King Louis XVI promised things, they didn't leave until he brought physical bags of flour |
| (FR) Jacobins | - Radical group when first emerging - Directed revolution in terror - Became discussion group/club all of France |
| (FR) San Culottes | - In charge of French Revolution - Becoming more radical as power passed to them - General will/mob and determined everything - Very powerful |
| (FR) Jacques Louis David | - Survived Revolution - Documented lots of it (Tennis Court Oath) - Part of National Assembly - Marat murdered by royalist woman who thought he was too radical - Rushed to paint him & portray him as a martyr (The Death of Marat) - Good propaganda |
| (FR) Levee en Masse | - Mass conscription - Forcing all men to fight and defend nation - Fighting now is to fight for republic - 1.1 million man army |
| (FR) Committee of Public Safety | - Ordered military draft - Instituted Reign of Terror - Executed a lot |
| (FR) Maximilian Robespierre | - Important member of Committee of Public Safety - In charge of Reign of Terror - Wanted to get rid of religion through de-Christianization & replace it with the Cult of Supreme Being - Executed by guillotine along with other COPS members |
| (FR) The Republic of Virtue | - Created by Committee of Public Safety - Wanted to control France - Established Law of General Maximum - Failed to work |
| (FR) Cult of the Supreme Being | - Wanted to replace Christianity in France - Created by Robespierre - Didn't work since majority France is Catholic |
| (FR) The Terror | - Many victims of different social classes - Too many executuions, mostly during Vendee Revolt - Unnecessary and caused way more issues than necessary |
| (FR) The Directory | - Less terror - Reduced power of COPS - Jacobins shut down - Churches reopened & freedom of worship - New constitution |
| (FR) Whiff of Grapeshot | - Napoleon suppressing the Parisian mob - Saved National Convention from them - Used grapeshot artillery to do so |
| (FR) Edmund Burke | - Irish, Father of conservatism - Wrote "Reflections of the Revolution in France" (1790) - Says without authority, there is anarchy - Without direction, France is controlled by a dictator - End of Robspierre & Reign of Terror |
| (FR) Napoleonic Code (1804) | - Napoleon preserved revolutionary gains with civil code (this) - Undid some laws including divorce (made it harder for women) - 7 codes protected by French |
| (FR) Concordat with Rome (1801-2) | - Recognized Catholic Church as necessary - Made peace between France & Catholic Church in order to stabilize France - Clergy paid by state & minsters on payroll |
| (FR) Continental System (1806) | - Attempt at preventing British goods during trading from reaching Europe in order to weaken British economy - Failed |
| (FR) Waterloo (1815) | - Napoleon attempted to fight combined British & Prussian army in Waterloo - Was defeated & Napoleon exiled to Saint Helena after this |
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studytomakemoney
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