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Landmark Court Cases
| Case | Description |
|---|---|
| Brown v. Board of Education (1954) | The Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine established in Plessy v. Ferguson |
| Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | The Supreme Court affirmed students' First Amendment right to free speech in public schools, as long as it doesn't materially and substantially disrupt the school environment |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | The Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | The Supreme Court ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th Amendments of the United States Constitution |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | The U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial review |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that under the 4th and 14th Constitutional amendments, illegally seized evidence could not be used in a state criminal trial |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government |
| McDonald v. Chicago (2010) | The Supreme Court ruled that the Second Amendment's right to bear arms applies to state and local governments, not just the federal government |
| New Jersey v. TLO (1985) | The Supreme Court ruled that the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures applies to public school officials but that searches of students require only reasonable suspicion |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | The U.S. Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the "separate but equal" doctrine |
| United States v. Nixon | The Court unanimously ordered President Richard Nixon to deliver tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials related to the Watergate scandal to a federal district court |
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