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Dana McLelland
Anatomy week 6-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into only one side of the tendon is categorized as parallel. bipennate. convergent. unipennate. circular. | Unipennate |
| The term _____ is used to describe a muscle that directly performs a specific movement. | Agonist |
| The long axes of the fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle is a description of this type of fascicle arrangement. parallel bipennate convergent unipennate circular | Parallel |
| A muscle with fascicles that insert into the tendon from both sides is categorized as parallel. bipennate. convergent. unipennate. circular. | Bipennate |
| The continuous low level of sustained contraction maintained by all skeletal muscles is muscle summation. posture. tone. tetanus. | Tone |
| Muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers can be extrinsic or intrinsic. extrinsic but not intrinsic. intrinsic but not extrinsic. only extrinsic. | Extrinsic or intrinsic |
| The biceps brachii has this fascicle arrangement, which maximizes the range of motion possible. parallel bipennate convergent unipennate circular | Parallel |
| The muscle fascicle arrangement for Orbicularis oris is best characterized as? | Circular |
| The Sartorius muscle, a thin straplike muscle would have muscle fascicles arranged in parallel. bipennate. convergent. unipennate. circular. | Parallel |
| This arrangement of muscle fascicles tends to be triangular in shape. The Pectoralis major is an example of a muscle with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement. | Convergent |
| The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle and is outside the epimysium and tendon is called the aponeurosis. tendon sheath. endomysium. fascia. | Fascia |
| The individual muscle fibers are covered by a connective tissue membrane called the | Endomysium |
| The point of attachment that does not move when the muscle contracts is the | Origin |
| Muscles that move the forearm include which of the following? brachioradialis pronator teres biceps brachii All of these are correct. | All are correct |
| In addition to the Pectoralis major, another muscle that displays this pattern of fascicle arrangement is Latissimus dorsi. | Convergent |
| Muscles with this type of muscle fascicle arrangement are either fusiform or straplike in appearance. | Parallel |
| The muscle that helps hold the scapula against the thorax and is useful in pushing or punching movements is the | Serratus anterior |
| The innermost muscle of the abdominal wall is the internal oblique. external oblique. rectus abdominis. transverse abdominis. | Transverse abdominis. |
| The common tendon of the gastrocnemius and soleus is called the talus tendon. calcaneal tendon. tibial tendon. digitorum tendon | Calcaneal tendon |
| In pushing (pressing) a weight from shoulder height to above the head, which of the following muscles is least utilized? Triceps brachii Biceps brachii Deltoid | Biceps brachii |
| Which of the following is not a group of pennate muscles? Bipennate Tripennate Multipennate All of the above are groups of pennate muscles. | Tripennate |
| When the diaphragm contracts, it decreases the volume of the thoracic cavity and expels air from the lungs. True False | False |
| Which of the following muscles has fibers on a transverse plane? Rectus abdominis External oblique Transverse abdominis Internal intercostals | Transverse abdominis |
| Skeletal muscles constitute approximately ____ of our body weight. 10% 25% 50% 75% | 50% |
| The sternocleidomastoid muscle is an example of a muscle named for its: function. number of attachments. size. points of attachment. | Points of attachment |
| Muscles that move the upper arm originate on the: | Clavicle and scapula. |
| Which of the following muscles does not move the upper arm? Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Deltoid Trapezius | Trapezius |
| The muscle that flexes the semipronated or semisupinated forearm is the: biceps brachii. brachialis. brachioradialis. triceps brachii | brachioradialis |
| Which of the following is not a posterior muscle that acts on the shoulder girdle? Trapezius Pectoralis minor Levator scapulae Rhomboideus | Pectoralis minor |
| All of the following muscles are part of the rotator cuff muscles except the: deltoid. infraspinatus. supraspinatus. teres minor. | Deltoid |
| The linea alba is a band of connective tissue that runs over the rectus abdominis from the xiphoid process to the pubis. True False | True |
| The prime mover can also be called the: | Agonist |
| Which of the following is not a muscle that moves the foot? Sartorius Peroneus longus Tibialis anterior Soleus | Sartorius |
| The flexor muscles that move the fingers are mostly located on the: anterior lateral surface of the forearm. anterior medial surface of the forearm. posterior surface of the forearm. posterior surface of the hand. | Anterior medial surface of the forearm |
| The muscle that raises or lowers the shoulders or shrugs them is the: deltoid. latissimus dorsi. trapezius. pectoralis minor. | Trapezius |
| The muscle that extends and adducts the arm is the: deltoid. latissimus dorsi. trapezius. pectoralis minor. | Latissimus dorsi |
| The pectoralis major muscle is an example of a _____ muscle. convergent parallel fusiform pennate | Convergent |
| Poor posture puts abnormal strain on bones and may eventually produce deformities. True False | True |
| The most common type of lever in the body is a _____-class lever. first second third fourth | Third |
| The origin of a muscle is on the femur, and the insertion is on the tibia. When it contracts, it bends the knee. Its fibers run parallel to the body. Which of the following terms might be part of its name? Extensor Abductor Flexor Adductor | Flexor |
| Muscles located on the lower leg move the: | Foot |
| There are more than 600 muscles in the body. True False | True |
| Groups of skeletal muscle fibers are bound together by a connective tissue envelope called the: endomysium. perimysium. epimysium. aponeurosis. | Perimysium |
| The posterior arm muscle that extends the forearm is the: biceps brachii. triceps brachii. supinator. brachialis. | Triceps brachii |
| The covering of individual muscle fibers is the: epimysium. endomysium. periosteum. perimysium. | Endomysium |
| The action of the brachialis muscle is to _____ the forearm. | Flex |
| Chemical signals diffuse between neurons at this location. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Synapse |
| Which of the following is not a structural classification of neurons? bipolar unipolar multipolar polar | Polar |
| The _____ of a neuron is a single process that usually extends from a tapered portion of the cell body. dendrite neurofibril axon Nissl body | Axon |
| This is the site of communication between neurons. | Synapse |
| The _____ nervous system is a complex network of nerve pathways embedded in the intestinal wall with a network of integrators and feedback loops that can act somewhat independently. somatic enteric sensory motor | Enteric |
| These regions of the neuron direct electrical currents toward the cell body. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Dendrite |
| What term describes the bundles of nerve fibers within the central nervous system? fascicles tracts perineurium synapse | Tracts |
| Nerves that originate from the brain are called _____ nerves. cranial peripheral afferent spinal | Cranial |
| The ________ of a presynaptic neuron associates with the dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron. synapse axon terminal axon cell body | Axon terminal |
| This tends to be the longest cytoplasmic projection from a neuron. synapse axon terminal axon cell body dendrite | Axon |
| Neurons have complete regeneration capacity. no regeneration capacity. very limited capacity to repair themselves. none of the above. | Very limited capacity to repair themselves |
| A signal conduction route to and from the central nervous system is a(n) reflex arc. afferent pathway. efferent pathway. feedback loop. | Reflex arc |
| The structural and functional center of the entire nervous system is the _____ nervous system. | Central |
| The somatic nervous system carries information to the brain. visceral effectors. skeletal muscles. autonomic effectors. | Skeletal muscles |
| What structure of the Schwann cell is essential to normal nerve growth and the regeneration of injured nerve fibers? myelin sheath node of Ranvier neurilemma telodendria | Neurilemma |
| Excitable cells that conduct the impulses are called | Neurons |
| Bundles of myelinated fibers make up the gray matter of the nervous system. ganglia. white matter of the nervous system. motor nerves. | White matter of the nervous system. |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system can be divided into the __________ divisions. parasympathetic and sympathetic parasympathetic and autonomic sympathetic and autonomic visceral sensory and somatic sensory | Parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| The glia cells that help form the blood-brain barrier are the astrocytes. microglia. oligodendrocytes. ependymal cells. | Astrocytes. |
| Which of these glia cells are located in the peripheral nervous system? astrocytes ependymal cells oligodendrocytes Schwann cells microglia | Schwann cells |
| The nervous system is organized to do which of the following? Detect changes in the external environment. Detect changes in the internal environment. Evaluate changes in the environment. All of the above are true. | All of the above |
| The largest and most numerous types of neuroglia are the: astrocytes. microglia. ependymal cells. oligodendrocytes. | Astrocytes |
| Astrocytes attach to: neurons. oligodendrocytes. blood vessels. both A and C | Both A and C |
| Dendrites conduct impulses _____ cell bodies. toward away from within None of the above is correct. | toward |
| Small distinct regions of gray matter in the CNS are called: nuclei. tracts. ganglia. axons. | nuclei |
| Which is not true of the myelin sheath? It is associated with white fibers in the brain. It is important for nerve impulse conduction. It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord. It is destroyed in those with multiple sclerosis. | It covers cell bodies in the brain and spinal cord |
| A neuron that transmits a nerve impulse toward the central nervous system is called a(n): motor neuron. sensory neuron. interneuron. bipolar neuron. | sensory neuron |
| In the human nervous system: most of the cells are neurons. most of the cells are glia cells. there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. the ratio of cells is unknown because of the complexity of the nervous system. | there are almost equal numbers of glia cells and neurons. |
| Neurons in the CNS have less chance of regenerating for all of the following reasons except: there is no neurolemma in cells of the CNS. astrocytes fill in path of regrowth. microglia lay scar tissue. | microglia lay down scar tissue. |
| Nerves that contain mostly afferent fibers are called _____ nerves. sensory motor mixed | Sensory |
| The part of the nervous system that transmits impulses from the CNS to the skeletal muscle is the: somatic nervous system. autonomic nervous system. central nervous system. afferent division. | somatic nervous system |
| A neuron that has only one axon but several dendrites is classified as a _____ neuron. multipolar bipolar unipolar multidendritic | multipolar |
| Most unipolar neurons are usually: motor neurons. neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system. sensory neurons. neurons of the sympathetic nervous sy | sensory neurons |
| Gray matter in the brain and spinal cord consists primarily of: nerve fibers. neuroglia. axons. cell bodies. | cell bodies |
| Which of the following is the deepest connective tissue layer of a nerve? Endoneurium Perineurium Epineurium Fascicle | Endoneurium |
| Which of the following is not a function of the central nervous system (CNS)? Integrating sensory information Evaluating the information Initiating an outgoing response All of the above are functions of the CNS. | All of the above are functions of the CNS |
| The autonomic nervous system does not stimulate: skeletal muscles. smooth muscles. glands. cardiac muscle. | skeletal muscles |
| One of the components of the blood-brain barrier is: astrocytes. neurons. myelin. oligodendrocytes. | astrocytes |
| The white matter of the nervous system is made up of: myelinated fibers. nuclei. unmyelinated fibers. ganglia. | myelinated fibers |
| Multipolar neurons have: multiple axons and multiple dendrites. multiple axons and one dendrite. multiple dendrites and one axon. one dendrite and one axon. | multiple dendrites and one axon |
| long a neuron, the correct pathway for impulse conduction is: dendrite, axon, cell body, and receptor. dendrite, cell body, and axon. axon, cell body, and dendrite. receptor, axon, and cell body. | dendrite, cell body, and axon. |
| Regeneration of nerve fibers will take place only if the cell body is intact and the fibers have: nodes of Ranvier. a neurilemma. a myelin sheath. neurofibrils. | a neurilemma |
| Interneurons reside in the: CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS only. PNS only. None of the above is correct. | CNS only |
| Which is true of a reflex arc? | It always consists of an afferent neuron and an efferent neuron. |
| The nervous system can be divided: according to its structure. according to direction of information flow. by control of effectors. in all of the above ways. | in all of the above ways |
| Fascicles are held together by a connective tissue layer called the: endoneurium. perineurium. macroneurium. epineurium. | perineurium |
| The efferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system consist of the ________ nervous systems. | sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Which of the following compounds cannot cross the blood-brain barrier? Water Carbon dioxide Glucose Dopamine | Dopamine |
| The afferent pathways of the autonomic nervous system: stimulate the fight-or-flight response. maintain normal resting activity. carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain. do both A and B. | carry feedback information to integrating centers in the brain |
| The three divisions of the brain that make up the brainstem are the medulla oblongata, thalamus, and pons. medulla oblongata, thalamus, and midbrain. medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons. medulla oblongata, pons, and cerebellum. | medulla oblongata, midbrain, and pons |
| A subdivision of the nervous system that regulates involuntary effectors is the _____ nervous system. | Autonomic |
| Individual nerves that emerge from the _____ plexus innervate the lower part of the shoulder and the entire arm. lumbar sacral brachial coccygeal | brachial |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord? 23 13 31 32 | 31 |
| The ventral rami of most spinal nerves subdivide to form complex networks called ganglia. rami. plexuses. dermatomes. | Plexuses |
| Spinal cord tracts provide conduction paths to and from the brain. The tracts that conduct sensory impulses down the cord from the brain are called _____ tracts. ascending descending lateral spinothalamic spinocerebellar | Descending |
| The inner protective covering of the brain is called the cranium. meninges. cerebrospinal fluid. compact bone. | Meninges |
| The enteric nervous system is made up of a complex network of nerve plexuses that control the visceral effectors in the intestinal wall. urinary bladder. thoracic cavity. skeletal muscles. | Intestinal wall |
| The dorsal root of each spinal nerve is easily recognized as a swelling called the dorsal cavity. dorsal root ganglion. dorsal root plexus. ventral root ganglion. | Dorsal root ganglion |
| ormation of the cerebrospinal fluid occurs in the ventricles. meninges. choroid plexus. solar plexus. | Choroid plexus |
| The large fluid-filled spaces within the brain are called the meninges. sulci. gyri. ventricles. | Ventricles |
| Dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the | gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord. |
| The lower end of the spinal cord, with its attached spinal nerve roots, gives the appearance of a horse’s tail called the conus medullaris. gray commissure. cauda equina. filum terminale. | cauda equina. |
| Several “vital centers” are located in the: basal ganglia. cerebrum. cerebellum. medulla. | Medulla |
| All of the following cranial nerves have a functional classification of motor except: oculomotor. trochlear. vestibulocochlear. accessory. | vestibulocochlear. |
| All cell bodies of the autonomic nervous system are located within the CNS. True False | False |
| The cranial nerve that arises from the spinal cord is the: abducens. accessory. glossopharyngeal. vagus. | Accessory |
| The peripheral nervous system includes: only spinal nerves. only spinal nerves and their branches. only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. cranial nerves, the spinal cord, spinal nerves, and their branches. | only cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and their branches. |
| Spinal nerves are _____ fibers. | motor and sensory |
| Which part of the vertebral column has one more pair of nerves coming from it than it has vertebrae? Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Both B and C | Cervical |
| Which of the following is a correct statement? There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs. There are 11 thoracic nerve pairs. There are 5 cervical nerve pairs. All of the above are correct statements. | There are 5 lumbar nerve pairs |
| The spinal ganglion can be found on the _____ of the spinal nerve. dorsal nerve root dorsal ramus ventral nerve root ventral ramus | dorsal nerve root |
| All of the following are characteristics of sympathetic preganglionic neurons except: they secrete acetylcholine. they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. | they have long fibers from CNS to ganglion. |
| Which part of the brain releases the hormone melatonin? Hypothalamus Thalamus Pineal gland Cerebellum | Pineal gland |
| Which of the following is not a plexus of the spinal nerves? Cervical Brachial Lumbar Thoracic | Thoracic |
| The lumbar plexus gives rise to the _____ nerve. median phrenic femoral None of the above is correct. | Femoral |
| The pyramids are formed in the: pons. medulla. midbrain. cerebellum. | Medulla |
| Beta receptors: are cholinergic. bind acetylcholine. bind norepinephrine. bind the toxin muscarine. | bind norepinephrine |
| The part(s) of the cerebrum associated with anger, fear, and sorrow is (are) the: limbic system. corpus callosum. temporal lobes. caudate nucleus. | Limbic system |
| The layer of the meninges that serves as the inner periosteum of the cranial bone is the: pia mater. arachnoid membrane. dura mater. None of the above is correct. | Dura matter |
| There are _____ ventricles in the brain. two three four five | 4 |
| The phrenic nerve is found in the _____ plexus. cervical brachial lumbar sacral | Cervical |
| The nerve commonly called the vagus nerve is the _____ cranial. ninth tenth eleventh twelfth | tenth |
| Visceral effectors are innervated by sympathetic fibers. True False | True |
| A patient complains of numbness in the skin of the buttocks and the posterior surface of the thigh and leg. The spinal nerve or peripheral branch most likely involved with this condition is the _____ plexus. | Coccygeal |
| The spinal nerves are connected to the spinal cord and consist of _____ pairs. | 31 |
| The cervical plexus: is found deep in the neck. is formed by the ventral rami of the first four cervical nerves and part of C5. includes the phrenic nerve. All of the above are correct. | All of the above are correct |
| Which of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve? Zygomatic nerve Ophthalmic nerve Maxillary nerve Mandibular nerve | Zygomatic nerve |
| Nerve fibers of the spinothalamic tract are: sensory. motor. descending. none of the above. | sensory |
| ollowing the sensation of touch from the skin up the spinal cord to the brain, what is the final destination (the blue area) called? Primary somatosensory cortex Thalamus Medulla oblongata Decussation of medial lemniscus | Primary somatosensory cortex |
| Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex? hypothalamic appetite centers vagus nerve solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata thalamic nuclei | hypothalamic appetite centers |
| Pyramid-shaped gland consisting of neural crest-derived cells and endocrine secretory cells. Thyroid gland gonadal cells of the ovaries/testes thymus gland pancreas adrenal gland | adrenal gland |
| Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. serous fluid endolymph synovial fluid aqueous humor Correct! Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye. serous fluid synovial fluid aqueous humor vitreous humor | vitreous humor |
| The hypophyseal portal veins are primarily located in the infundibulum. pars intermedia. tuber cinereum. pars nervosa. | Infundibulum |
| Receptors for hearing are located in the semicircular canals. cochlear duct. tympanic membrane. middle ear. | Cochlear Duct |
| The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the olfactory. hypoglossal. facial. glossopharyngeal. | Facial |
| Class of hormones secreted during chronic stress that depress immune function. | Glucocorticoids |
| Endocrine gland of the thorax that is also important in immune function. pineal gland neurohypophysis thymus gland parathyroid gland adneohypophysis | thymus gland |
| Which of the following minerals is essential for the formation of thyroid hormone? calcium iron copper iodine | iodine |
| Region of the adrenal cortex that secretes DHEA. zona fasiculata zona glomerulosa zona reticularis tuber cinerum chrommafin cells | zona reticularis |
| Hormone that inhibits osteoclast activity in children. calcitonin thyroxine oxytocin parathyroid hormone catecholamines | calcitonin |
| The anatomical stalk of the pituitary is also known as pars tuberalis. infundibulum. tuber cinerum. adenohypophysis. neurohypophysis. | Infundibulum |
| The basilar membrane supports the spiral lamina. spiral ganglion. spiral organ. modiolus. bony labyrinth. | spiral organ. |
| Pancreatic cell type that produces insulin. beta cells PP cells delta cells gamma cells alpha cells | beta cells |
| The hormone produced by the heart increases the excretion of sodium in the urine. increases calcium levels in the blood. is secreted in response to low blood volumes. decreases urine output. | increases the excretion of sodium in the urine |
| Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers. | Cornea |
| Which endocrine gland stores enough of its hormone extracellularly to last several months? the thyroid the pancreas the ovary the pituitary | Thyroid |
| Melanin-containing layer of the eye's vascular tunic. cornea lens choroid ciliary body sclera | choroid |
| Region of the hypophysis that contains secretory endocrine cells derived from the oral ectoderm. infundibulum pars tuberalis adenohypophysis tuber cinerum neurohypophysis | Adenohypophysis |
| Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule. vestibule macula densa macula lutea scala vestibule ora serrate | Vestibule |
| Blood viscosity stems mainly from the red blood cells but also partly from the _____ in blood. glucose molecules present lipid molecules present formed elements protein molecules present | protein molecules present |
| The two baroreceptors that are located near the heart? coronary and aortic baroreceptors aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors carotid baroreceptors and venous baroreceptors aortic baroreceptors and pulmonary baroreceptors | Aortic baroreceptors and carotid baroreceptors |
| Inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor impulses is considered a major mechanism of vasoconstriction. vasodilation. vasopressure. vasomotor control. | Vasodilation |
| What 2 factors promote the flow of venous blood back to the heart? | blood-pumping action of respirations and skeletal muscle contractions |
| Factors that affect the strength of myocardial contraction are called inotropic factors. chronotropic factors. ejection factors. cardiac afterload factors. | Inotropic factors. |
| Starling’s law of the heart states that, within limits, the longer, or more stretched, the heart fibers are at the beginning of the contraction, the weaker the contraction. slower the heart rate. faster heat rate stronger the contraction. | stronger the contraction. |
| The difference between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is called Korotkoff sounds. minute volume. pulse pressure. pressure gradient. | Pulse pressure |
| The term used to describe the collection of mechanisms that influence the circulation of blood is: hematopoiesis. hemodynamics. hemostasis. hematocrit. | hemodynamics. |
| The localized pressure gradient needed to maintain blood flow in a tissue is called regional pressure. perfusion pressure. systolic pressure. diastolic pressure. | Perfusion pressure |
| In _____, blood moves from veins to other veins or arteries to other arteries without passing through an intervening capillary network. vascular anastomoses coronary arteries venous sinuses venous valves | Vascular anastomoses |
| The bulk of the heart wall is the thick, contractile middle layer called the pericardium. epicardium. endocardium. myocardium. | Myocardium |
| A graphic record of the heart’s electrical activity is a(n) ECG. EEG. CAT scan. MRI. | ECG |
| Erythrocytes begin their maturation sequence in red bone marrow from nucleated cells known as: hemoglobin. osteons. erythroblasts. hematopoietic stem cells. | hematopoietic stem cells. |
| Which layer of the larger blood vessels is made up of endothelium? tunica adventitia tunica media tunica intima tunica albuginea | Tunica intima |
| From which vessels do myocardial cells receive blood? coronary veins pulmonary arteries venae cavae coronary arteries | Coronary Arteries |
| _____ is used to determine the volume percentage of red blood cells in whole blood. Spectrin Hematocrit Hematopoiesis Hemocytometer | Hematocrit |
| During fetal circulation, what opening in the septum, between the right and left atria, directs most of the blood so that it bypasses the fetal lungs? ductus venosus ductus arteriosus foramen ovale placenta | Foramen ovale |
| The type of membranous tissue that lines the heart and blood vessels is the endocardium. endothelium. serous pericardium. fibrous pericardium. | Endothelium |
| four structures that compose the conduction system of the heart SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and chordae tendinae. AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, and chordae tendinae. | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, and Purkinje fibers. |
| A decrease in the amount of white blood cells is called leukocytosis. leukopenia. differential white blood cell count. hemostasis. | Leukopenia |
| Microscopic vessels that carry blood from small arteries to small veins are | Capilaries |
| The _____ drains much of the superficial leg and foot. inferior vena cava popliteal vein great saphenous vein internal iliac vein | Great saphenous vein |
| A glycoprotein hormone that is secreted to increase oxygen concentration in the tissues is erythropoietin. hemoglobin. spectrin. proerythroblast. | Erythropoietin |
| The heart valves that are located where the trunk of the pulmonary artery joins the right ventricle and where the aorta joins the left ventricle are called semilunar valves. atrioventricular valves. venous valves. cuspid valves. | Semilunar Valves |
| The structure referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is(are) the: | SA node |
| Blood flow from the heart through blood vessels to all parts of the body and back to the heart is referred to as _____ circulation. | Systemic |
| The outermost layer of the larger blood vessels is the tunica media. intima. adventitia. intermedia. | Adventitia |
| All of the following are granulocytes except neutrophils. eosinophils. lymphocytes. basophils. | Lymphocytes |
| he free edges of the atrioventricular valves are anchored to the ventricles. atria. papillary muscles. pericardia. | Papillary muscles. |
| The structural components of the circulatory system include the: heart and blood vessels. heart, lungs and blood vessels. heart and lungs. heart, lungs and lymph nodes. | heart and blood vessels. |
| Which types of arteries are also called conducting arteries and include the aorta? muscular arteries elastic arteries metarterioles | elastic arteries |
| The spleen is located in the _____ region. right hypochondriac left hypochondriac epigastric left lumbar | Left hypochondriac |
| Lymph ducts empty into the circulatory system, draining into the: jugular vein. subclavian veins. superior vena cava. inferior vena cava. | Subclavian veins |
| The tonsils located near the posterior opening of the nasal cavity are called the _____ tonsils. palatine pharyngeal lingual laryngeal | Pharyngeal |
| Hassall corpuscles are part of the: thymus. spleen. tonsils. thoracic duct. | Thymus |
| Because T cells attack pathogens more directly, T-cell immune mechanisms are classified as _____ immunity. antibody-mediated cell-mediated nonspecific None of the above are correct. | Cell mediated |
| Each cortical nodule is composed of packed lymphocytes that surround a less dense area called a germ center. trabecula. lymph node. germinal center. | germinal center. |
| Adaptive immunity, part of the body’s third line of defense, is orchestrated by two different classes of a type of white blood cell called the leukocyte. macrophage. lymphocyte. phagocyte. | lymphocyte. |
| The lymph nodes located just above the bend of the elbow are called the _____ lymph nodes. inguinal axillary supratrochlear superficial cervical | supratrochlear |
| Interferon inhibits the spread of: viruses. bacteria. cancer. Both A & C Both B & C | (Viruses and bacteria) Both A & C |
| The size of lymph nodes varies from _____ mm to more than _____ mm in diameter. 1; 20 10; 35 20; 45 30; 65 | 1: 20 |
| Lacteals: drain into the right lymphatic duct. are the lymphatics in the villi of the small intestines. are able to absorb fat from the digestive system. Both B and C are correct. | Both B and C are correct. |
| The main difference between the composition of lymph and interstitial fluid and the composition of plasma is the _____ percentage of _____ in lymph and interstitial fluid. lower; proteins higher; proteins lower; fats higher; fats | lower; proteins |
| A type of blood cell produced by lymph nodes is called a(n) eosinophil. erythrocyte. neutrophil. monocyte. | Monocyte. |
| Masses of lymphoid tissue located in a protective ring under the mucous membranes in the mouth and the back of the throat are called | Tonsils |
| During their residence in the thymus, pre-T cells develop into _____, cells that proliferate as rapidly as any in the body. cytotoxic T cells antigen-presenting cells thymocytes memory T cells | thymocytes |
| primary organ of the lymphatic system is the | Thymus |
| About half of the lymph flowing through the thoracic duct comes from the: liver. small intestine. spleen. Both A and B are correct. | Both A and B are correct |
| The roof of the nose is separated from the cranial cavity by a portion of the ethmoid bone called the cribriform plate. cleft palate. palatine bone. ala. | cribriform plate. |
| The vibrissae function as filters. baffles. producers of mucus. all of the above. | Filters |
| Which organ consists largely of cartilages that are attached to one another and to surrounding structures by muscles or fibrous and elastic tissue components? | Larynx |
| During respiration, the thorax becomes smaller when the chest is raised. becomes larger when the chest is raised. does not change. none of the above. | becomes larger when the chest is raised. |
| The _____ of each lung lies against the ribs and is rounded to match the contours of the thoracic cavity. apex hilum base costal surface | costal surface |
| In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the: horizontal fissure. oblique fissure. bronchopulmonary segments. hilum. | horizontal fissure. |
| Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? Vestibule Posterior nares Trachea Primary bronchi | Vestibule |
| Which of the following is true of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx? Their origin is the hyoid bone. They move the larynx as a whole. They serve in voice production. Both A and B are correct. | They serve in voice production. |
| The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the: maxillary. frontal. ethmoid. sphenoid. | maxillary. |
| The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of _____ epithelium. stratified columnar pseudostratified columnar simple squamous simple columnar | pseudostratified columnar |
| The structures that deflect air as it passes through the nose are called: choanae. paranasal sinuses. conchae. vibrissae. | conchae. |
| Olfactory epithelium is found: lining the nasopharynx. covering the superior turbinate. lining the paranasal sinuses. in all of the above. | covering the superior turbinate. |
| The lower border of the cavity of the larynx is formed by the: epiglottis. cricoid cartilage. glottis. thyroid cartilage. | cricoid cartilage. |
| The approximate length of the trachea, or windpipe, is _____ cm. | 11 |
| Which of the following is not part of the respiratory membrane? Ciliated respiratory mucosa Alveolar epithelium Capillary epithelium All of the above are part of the respiratory membrane. | Ciliated respiratory mucosa |
| Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the respiratory system? Oral cavity Trachea Rib cage Diaphragm | Trachea |
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