Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 3 Gov Vocab
Chapters 4 and 5 vocab terms and definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Affirmative Action | policies intended to address workplace and educational disparities related to race, ethnic origin, gender, disability, and age; is affirmative action protected by the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment to the constitution? |
| Civil Rights | protect individuals from discrimination based on characteristics such as race, national origin, religion, and sex; these rights are guaranteed to all persons under the due process and equal protection clauses. |
| Civil Liberties | constitutionally established guarantees and freedoms that protect citizens, opinions, and property against arbitrary government interference. |
| Bill of Rights | Consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution: which enumerate the liberties and rights of individuals, and is specifically designed to protect individual liberties and rights. |
| Judicial Review | the supreme court's power to determine the constitutionality of a congressional law, executive action, or state law or state court decision |
| Selective Incorporation | doctrine that imposed limitations on state regulation of civil liberties by extending select protections of the bill of rights to the states through the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment |
| Establishment Clause | prohibits the establishment of an official religion by the government |
| Free Exercise Clause | guarantees freedom of conscience and prohibits the government from interfering in religious belief |
| Symbolic Speech | nonverbal action that communicates an idea or belief |
| Clear and Present Danger | speech can be limited when it is shown to present a danger to public society |
| Due Process Clause | Part of the fourteenth amendment guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the US government without the due process of law. |
| Miranda Rights (Miranda v Arizona) | The 1966 Supreme Court decision that set guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel. |
| Patriot Act | A 2001 act that strengthens the federal government’s ability to enforce surveillance, conduct searches, and detain individuals in order to combat terrorism. |
| Exclusionary Rule | The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not obtained in a constitutional manner. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through unreasonable search and seizure. |
| Equal Protection Clause | A clause of the 14th amendment which states that no citizen of the United States may be denied equal protection of the law. |
| National Organization of Women | a feminist organization which lobbies for gender equality |
| Title IX of the Education Amendments Act of 1972 | prohibits sex discrimination in any education program receiving federal financial assistance. |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | prohibits discrimination in public places, provides for the integration of schools and other publics facilities, and makes employment discrimination illegal |
| Civil Rights Movement | A widespread social movement primarily focused on achieving racial equality by ending segregation and other forms of discrimination through nonviolent activism. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | prohibits racial discrimination in voting |
| Letter from Birmingham Jail | a letter by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. stating people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and take direct action instead of waiting for social and racial justice through the court system |
| Women’s Right Movement | a nonviolent social movement and campaign during the 1960s and 1970s to address gender equality and discrimination with a focus on equal employment and pay, reproductive rights, and discrimination in employment and education |
| LGBTQ Rights | political and social rights for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender individuals; gains have been made for same-sex activities, same-sex marriage, and discrimination in employment; opposition to transgender and gender identity continues |
| Pro-life Movement | an anti-abortion movement based on moral and religious grounds supporting legal restrictions and prohibitions on abortions believing life begins at conception. |
| Pro-Choice Movement | a movement supporting the view that women should have the legal right to an elective abortion based on a recognized right to privacy |
| Separate but Equal doctrine | state laws and supreme court decisions restricting African American access to the same restaurants, hotels, schools, etc, as the majority white population |
| Majority - minority districting | drawing an electoral district in which the majority of constituents are racial or ethnic minorities |
| Substantive Due Process | used by the supreme court to examine whether government laws and actions are arbitrary infringements of individual rights |
| Unenumerated Rights | Recognized constitutionally protected rights that are not explicitly listed in the bill of rights; include the right of property |
| Right to Privacy | a recognized constitutionally protected right not explicitly named in the constitution; interpreted by the supreme court to be granted by the due process clause in Griswold v. Connecticut |
| Time, place, manner regulations | regulations that impose restrictions such as limits on the time of day an event can be held, limits on where an event can be held, and limits on the noise level of events |
| Jim Crow | Laws established to legally and purposefully separate black people from white people in all aspects of public life and accommodations. |
| 1st Amendment | government power to make law and an individual's right to religious freedom through the establishment clause and free exercise clause, freedom of speech, and freedom of press. |
| 2nd Amendment | Right to bear arms |
| 4th Amendment | The right to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures |
| 5th Amendment | due process clause in the fifth amendment applies to the national government. |
| 6th Amendment | The right to legal counsel, speedy and public trial, and an impartial jury |
| 8th Amendment | cruel and unusual punishment; Supreme court interpretations of the eighth amendment have applied to death penalty statutes |
| 9th Amendment | states that individuals have protected rights beyond those listed in the first 8 amendments; some argue it provides support for the existence of enumerated rights |
| 14th Amendment | Due process clause and equal protection clause as applied to the states; granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people |
| 15th Amendment | Granted African American men the right to vote. |
| 19th Amendment | Granted women the right to vote |
| 24th Amendment | eliminated poll taxes, a structural barrier to voting |
| Obscenity | speech that strongly offends the prevalent morality of the time and society |
| Defamation | language that harms the reputation of another |
| Libel | written communication of defamation |
| 49. USA Freedom Act | Provisions aimed at protecting whistleblowers who disclose potential violations of law or policy regarding surveillance practices. |
| Engel v Vitale | school sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause of the first amendment |
| Wisconsin v Yoder | Compelling amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause of the first amendment |
| Mapp v Ohio | The 1961 supreme court decision ruling that the fourth amendment's protection against unreasonable search and seizure must be extended to the states. |
| Tinker v Des Moines | a prohibition against public school students wearing black armbands in school to protest the vietnam war violated the students’ freedom of speech protections in the first amendment. |
| Schenck v US | speech creating a “clear and present danger” was not protected by the first amendment and could be limited. |
| Brown v Board of Education | declared that race-based school segregation violates the fourteenth amendment’s equal protection clause; overturned Plessy v Ferguson |
| Brown II | The 1955 Supreme court decision held that the desegregation of schools should proceed with “all deliberate speed.” |
| Roe v Wade | the supreme court held that the application of substantive due process further extended the privacy right to abortion |
| Griswold v Connecticut | the supreme court interpreted the due process clause to protect the right of privacy from government infringement |
| Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health | overturned Roe v. Wade, holding that the constitution does not confer a right to abortion, leaving decisions about the regulation of abortion to legislatures. |
| Regents of Univ. of Cal v. Bakke | A 1978 supreme court decision holding that a state university may weigh race or ethnic background as one element in admissions but may not set aside places for members of particular racial groups. |
| Gideon v Wainwright | In this case, the sixth amendment’s right to an attorney extends procedural due process protections to felony defendants in state courts |
| NY Times v US | This case bolstered the freedom of the press protections of the first amendment, establishing a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security |
| McDonald v Chicago | The second amendment right to keep and bear arms for self-defense is applicable to the states |
Created by:
aspringer6
Popular American Government sets