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Supreme Court Cases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Upheld "separate but equal" racial segregation, validating Jim Crow laws until overturned by Brown v. Board. | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) |
| Established judicial review, empowering courts to strike down unconstitutional laws. | Marbury v. Madison (1803) |
| Legalized abortion nationwide, citing a constitutional right to privacy; largely overturned in 2022. | Roe v. Wade (1973) |
| Declared segregated schools unconstitutional, ending "separate but equal" in education. | Brown v. Board of Education (1954) |
| Affirmed federal supremacy, allowing Congress to create a national bank and barring state taxation of it. | McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) |
| Enabled federal courts to intervene in redistricting, ensuring "one person, one vote." | Baker v. Carr (1962 |
| Guaranteed right to counsel for indigent defendants in criminal cases. | Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) |
| Struck down federal child labor laws, prioritizing state power; later reversed. | Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918): |
| Protected contracts from state interference, reinforcing property rights. | Fletcher v. Peck (1810) |
| Challenged Lincoln’s suspension of habeas corpus during the Civil War; ignored by the executive. | Ex Parte Merryman (1861) |
| Allowed suits against states by individuals; led to the 11th Amendment. | Chisholm v. Georgia (1793) |
| Expanded federal power over interstate commerce, invalidating a state monopoly. | Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): |
| Denied citizenship to African Americans, escalating tensions before the Civil War. | Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857): |
| Upheld state regulation of private businesses (grain elevators) for public good. | Munn v. Illinois (1877) |
| Upheld women’s work-hour limits, citing gender differences. | Muller v. Oregon (1908) |
| Limited free speech in wartime, introducing "clear and present danger." | Schenck v. United States (1919) |
| Established a right to privacy, striking down contraceptive bans. | Griswold v. Connecticut (1965) |
| Required police to inform suspects of rights, shaping criminal procedure. | Miranda v. Arizona (1966) |
| Struck down bans on interracial marriage as unconstitutional. | Loving v. Virginia (1967) |
| Invalidated sodomy laws, protecting private consensual acts. | Lawrence v. Texas (2003) |
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Patriot995
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