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Unit 5
vocabulary for unit 5 Bones
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Appendicular Skeleton | Part of the skeleton that makes up our limbs. |
| Axial Skeleton | Part of the skeleton along or connected to the midline |
| Irregular Bone | A bone with no defined shape |
| Long Bone | A bone that is taller than it is wide |
| Medullary Cavity | Hollow space in the diaphysis which holds the yellow marrow |
| Endosteum | Connective tissue layer that lines the medullary cavity |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of bone |
| Spongy Bone | Bone tissue that makes up the inside of the epiphyses, and is filled with red marrow |
| Compact Bone | Bone tissue that makes up the diaphysis and the outside of bone. |
| Nutrient Foramen | Small hole that allows blood vessels to enter/exit the bone |
| Epiphysis | Knobby end of bone |
| Periosteum | Connective tissue layer that surrounds the bone |
| Epiphyseal Plate | The "growth plate", where cartilage ossifies and regrows |
| Endochondral Ossification | Process where bone is made from cartilage |
| Osteogenic Cells | Stem cells in the bone that make osteoblasts |
| Osteoblasts | Cells that make bone matrix (osteoid) |
| Osteoclasts | Cells that "clean" extra bone away after ossification or fracture repair |
| Osteocytes | Cells trapped in osteoid |
| Soft Callus | Temporary cartilage splint that will hold the bone fragments together as they rebuild new bone matrix |
| Bone Remodeling | Process where osteoclasts clean away excess bone tissue after healing from a fracture |
| Compound Fracture | A fracture that protrudes out of the skin |
| Simple Fracture | A fracture that does not break through the skin |
| Hematoma | Scientific term for a blood clot |
| Reduction | Realignment of bone fragments |
| Occipital Bone | Single bone that makes up the back and bottom of the cranium |
| Ethmoid Bone | Deep bone that makes up the majority of the nasal cavity |
| Sutures | Immobile joints between cranial bones |
| Frontal Bone | Single bone that makes the front wall of the cranium |
| sphenoid Bone | Deep bone, found behind the eye sockets, that connects many of the bones in the skull together |
| Temporal Bone | Pair of bones that make up the bottom of either side of the cranium |
| Parietal Bone | Pair of bones that make up the top of either side of the cranium |
| Nasal Bone | Pair of bones that make the "bridge" of the nose |
| Lacrimal Bone | Small bones in the eye sockets that house the tear ducts |
| Maxillae | Pair of bones that forms most of the upper jaw, hard palate, and the floors of the eye sockets and nose |
| Zygomatic Bone | Cheek bones |
| Mandible | Lower jaw, made of two bones that fuse by the age of one |
| Vomer Bone | Triangular shaped bone that forms the back and bottom of the nasal septum |
| Palatine Bone | Pair of bones that forms the back 3rd of the hard palate |
| Inferior Nasal Conchae | Small pair of bones that slows air entering the nose so it can be filtered, warmed, and humidified |
| Cervical Vertebrae | The 7 neck bones of the spine |
| Scoliosis | An unnatural sideways curvature of the entire spine |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | The 12 vertebrae attached to the ribs |
| Sacrum | Fused bone attached to the hips |
| Coccyx | The tail bone, made of four smaller bones that fuse together by the age of 30 |
| Lordosis | An unnatural curvature of the lumbar vertebrae |
| Invertebral Disks | Cushioning fibrocartilage disks found between the vertebrae |
| Kyphosis | An unnatural curvature of the thoracic vertebrae also known as "hunchback" |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | The 5 lower back bones in the spine |
| Carpals | 8 bones that make up the wrist |
| True Ribs | Top 7 pairs of ribs that connect directly to the sternum |
| Phalanges | Finger/toe bones. Each finger will have 3, except the thumb, which has 2 |
| Clavicle | S-shaped bones that brace the scapula and keeps the shoulder in place |
| Thoracic Cartilage | Structure that forms the thoracic Cavity. Composed of the ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sternum, and costal cartilage Correct match: Thoracic Cartilage Hyaline car |
| Costal Cartilage | Hyaline cartilage that connects the ribs to the sternum |
| False Ribs | Bottom 5 pairs of ribs that do not directly connect to the sternum |
| Metacarpals | 5 long Bones that are found in the palm of the hand |
| Scapula | Pair of large, triangular bones that make up the back of the shoulder |
| Floating Ribs | Last 2-3 pairs of ribs that do not connect to the sternum at all |
| Tarsals | The 7 bones that make up the ankle |
| Metatarsals | The five bones that make up the instep of the foot |
| Calcaneus | The largest tarsal. Also known as the "heel bone" |
| Ischium | Lower lateral portion of the coxal bone |
| Pelvic Girdle | Structure that forms the pelvic cavity; composed of the coxae (hipbones) and sacrum |
| Illium | Upper portion of the coxal bone |
| Pubis | Lower medial portion of the coxal bone |
| Fibrous/Synarthrosis Joint | Immovable joints like the sutures of the skull and tooth sockets |
| Plane Joint | Type of synovial joint where short bones slide over other short bones |
| Saddle Joint | Type of synovial joint that allows for bending/flexing as well as side to side movement (ex. metacarpal-thumb joint) |
| Hinge Joint | Type of synovial joint that allows for bending and extending (ex. knee) |
| Pivot Joint | Type of synovial joint that allows for 180 degree rotation (ex. atlas/axis joint) |
| Cartilaginous/Amphiarthrosis Joint | Semi-movable joints like the invertebral Disks and pubic symphysis |
| Condyloid Joint | A modified ball & socket joint that allows for bending/flexing and slight side to side movement. (ex. knuckles) |
| Synovial/Diarthrosis joint | Freely moving joints found mostly in the limbs |
| Ball and Socket Joint | Most moveable type of synovial joint (ex. hip and shoulder) |
| Lateral/Medial Rotation | Rotating out/in |
| Eversion/Inversion | Elevating the lateral side of foot/elevating the medial side of foot |
| Circumduction | Circular motion of a ball and socket joint |
| Hyperextension | Extending beyond a straight line |
| Elevation/Depression | to raise up/to lower (shoulders/jaw) |
| Flexion/Extension | Decreasing and increasing the angle between two bones |
| Supination/Pronation | Palm rotates up/down |
| Abduction/Adduction | Pulling limbs away/toward the midline |
| Protraction/Retraction | To stick out/pull back in (tongue/head/jaw) |
| Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion | Toes foot upwards/downwards |
Created by:
Minyoongi 06
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