click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
3.3a Cell Division
Cells
Question | Answer |
---|---|
The Cell Cycle | Monitored by checkpoints before passing to the next phase |
Apoptosis | programmed cell death |
G1 | occupies most of the cell's life, 90%; carries out routine functions; cell growth; |
S phase | replication of DNA |
G2 | other organelles replicate and cell prepares for cell division; chromatin (uncoiled DNA) begins to tighten and coil into chromosomes |
Prophase | Chromosomes are present; nuclear envelope breaks down; centrioles migrate to polar ends, and mitotic spindle forms |
Metaphase | chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell, mitotic spindle attaches to the centeromere of each chromosome |
Anaphase | mitotic spindles shorten, drawing sister chromatids apart |
Telephase | Nuclear envelope begins to reform and cytokinesis begins |
Cytokinesis | division of the cytoplasm |
cleavage furrow | seen by narrowing of the cell membrane pinching inward |
Transcription | DNA to RNA |
Translation | RNA to "amino acid" protein |
centromere | the area of DNA chromosomes where sister chromatids join; the middle of the X of replicated chromosomes |
chromatin | Uncoiled chromosomes/DNA |
Sister chromatids | 2 identical sides of DNA in a chromosome; joined by the centromere |