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chap11 muscle system
BSC 2085
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Fasciculi | Bundles of skeletal muscle fibers. |
| Fascicle Arrangement | arranged in parallel bundles within fascicles but the arrangement of fasciculi in relation to the tendon can vary |
| Fascicular arrangement is correlated with: | - The amount of power of a muscle can produce - The range of motion a muscle can produce |
| Parallel Arrangement | Muscle fibers arranged in parallel lines. |
| Fusiform Arrangement | Muscle fibers taper at both ends. |
| Pennate Arrangement | Muscle fibers attach at an angle. |
| Circular Arrangement | Muscle fibers arranged in concentric circles. |
| Convergent or triangular | Fan shaped muscle. - Pectoralis Major |
| Unipennate | Muscle fascicles arranged on only one side of tendon - Extensor digitorum longus muscle |
| Bipennate | Muscle fascicles arranged on both sides of centrally positioned tendons - Rectus femoris |
| Multipennate | tendon branches in several directions & so does the muscle fibers - Deltoid muscle |
| Prime Mover | Muscle primarily responsible for movement. |
| Antagonist | muscle that relaxes during a movement |
| Agonist/prime mover | contracts during movement |
| Synergist | muscle that assist in a movement |
| Fixator | Muscle that stabilizes the origin of the prime mover. |
| Skeletal Muscle Characteristics | Naming based on fiber direction, size, shape. |
| Muscle Origin | Point where muscle attaches to stationary bone. |
| Muscle Insertion | the attachment to the moveable bone |
| Clinical Connections | Benefits of stretching include improved performance. |
| Improved Posture | Benefit of stretching that enhances body alignment. |
| Increased Synovial Fluid | Stretching promotes joint lubrication. |
| Neuromuscular Coordination | Improved muscle control through stretching. |
| Muscle Actions | Movements produced by muscle contractions. |
| Opposing Muscle Pairs | Muscles arranged to create opposing movements. |
| Range of Motion | Extent of movement possible at a joint. |
| Power of Muscle | Strength generated based on fascicular arrangement. |
| Skeletal Muscle Count | Nearly 700 skeletal muscles in the human body. |
| Muscle Fiber Direction | Orientation of muscle fibers influences function. |
| Muscle Shape | Physical form of muscle affects its role. |
| Location | Structure near which a muscle is found - Temporalis, muscle near temporal bone |
| Size | a way a muscle is named |
| Number of origins | biceps. triceps, quadriceps |
| Appearance | a way a muscle is named |
| Direction of fibers | a way a muscle is named |
| Muscle action | a way a muscle is named |
| Temporalis | Elevates & retracts (pull back) the mandible |
| Flexor | Decreases joint angle |
| Extensor | increases joint angle |
| Abductor | Moves bone away from midline |
| Adductor | Moves bone closer to midline |
| Levator | Raises or elevates body part |
| Supinator | Turns palm anteriorly |
| Pronator | Turns palm posteriorly |
| Sphincter | Decreases size of an opening |
| Tensor | Makes body part rigid |
| Rotator | Rotates bone around longitudinal axis |
| Epicranial aponeurosis | Large flat tendon connecting the occipitalis and frontalis |
| Occipitofrontalis | Occipitalis and frontalis |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows &wrinkles forehead |
| Orbicularis oculi | - encircles the orbit of the eye - produces winking & closes the eye |
| Occipitalis | pulls scalp posteriorly |
| Zygomaticus Major | "Smiling Muscle" - Draws the corners of the mouth upward & outward |
| Orbicularis oris | "Kissing Muscle" - Surrounds the mouth - Closes & shapes the lips during |
| Masseter | "Chewing Muscle" - •Elevates mandible (closes mouth) |
| Temporalis | Elevates & retracts (pull back) the mandible |
| Platysma | "Produces the facial expression of horror" - Lowers the mandible - pulls the lower lip down & back |
| Sternocleidomastoid | UNDERNEATH PLATYAMA - Bends the neck & turns the head - When both muscles contract together they pull the head forward |
| Pectoralis major | - Pulls the arm forward & medially rotates it - It also Flexes &adducts the arm |
| Serratus anterior | " Boxer's Muscle" - Rotates scapula & raises ribs Holds the scapula against the chest wall during reaching & pushing movements |
| External oblique | Compresses abdominal viscera & lateral rotation of the trunk |
| Internal Oblique | Compresses abdominal viscera & lateral rotation of the trunk |
| Transversus Abdominis | Compresses abdominal viscera |
| Rectus Abdominis | - Long vertical muscle - Tendons intersect across the muscle - Compress abdominal viscera & flexes the trunk - Main muscle used during sit-ups |
| Trapezius | "Shrugs shoulders" - Elevates, retracts & rotates scapula - Assist in extension of the |
| Latissimus Dorsi | "Swimmer's Muscle" - wraps around the body - pulls the arm back in extension - extends, rotates & adducts arm medially |
| deltoid | gives the shoulder it's rounded shape - pulls arm outward abducting the humerus - flexes, extends, & rotate arm |
| Biceps brachii | Flex & supinate forearm |
| Triceps brachii | Extends forearm |
| Sartorius | "Tailor's Muscle" - Longest muscle of the body - crosses 2 joints - Flexes, abducts & laterally rotate the thigh at hip joint - Flexes knee |
| Quadriceps Femoris | (4 muscles) - Largest muscle mass of anterior thigh - All 4 muscles extend the leg at the knee |
| Gracilis | "Crosses 2 joints" - weak adduction of the thigh - flex the leg at the knee |
| tibialis anterior | on tibia |
| sciatic nerve | innervates all posterior muscles of the thigh and all muscles of the leg. Sciatic nerve often compressed in herniated disc. muscles of the leg. |
| Shin splints | inflammation of the periosteum of the tibia due to excessive tension by tendons that attach to the tibia |
| Uncontrolled contractions (spasms) of the sternocleidomastoid muscle | on one side causes "torticollis" and prevents an individual from looking straight ahead |
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