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Module 7 chap 13
Endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| List the functions of the endocrine system | Helps regulate water and electrolyte balance, Aids in transporting substances through membranes, Helps regulate metabolic processes, Regulates reproduction, development, and growth, Maintains homeostasis |
| List the major endocrine glands | Pituitary gland, Thyroid gland, Adrenal glands, Pancreas, Pineal gland, Thymus, Parathyroid glands, Ovaries and Testes (reproductive glands) |
| Explain the difference between endocrine glands and exocrine glands | The endocrine glands are ductless and release their secretions into the bloodstream. The exocrine glands release their secretions into tubes or ducts connected to body surfaces. |
| Explain the difference between paracrine secretions and autocrine secretions. | Paracrine secretions are released into the extracellular/ interstitial fluid and affect only neighboring cells. Autocrine secretions only affect the cells that secrete them. |
| Compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems. | Nervous System: Cells are called neurons, Cells release neurotransmitters, Duration of effect is brief unless activity continues. Endocrine System: Cells form a gland, Cells release hormones, Effect may last for days even if secretion stops. |
| Explain the difference in the structures of steroid and nonsteroid hormones and give examples of each. | |
| Explain which of the types of hormones are water soluble. | |
| Describe the process of steroid hormone action. | |
| Describe the process of nonsteroid hormone action. | |
| Explain actions of prostaglandins. | |
| Explain characteristics of hormone secretion (slide 24 of your powerpoint). | |
| Explain the difference between negative and positive feedback. | |
| Which of the following is a unique feature of the endocrine system? | Its organs are not anatomically adjacent /connected to each other. |
| Many metabolic processes are regulated by ___ secreted by cells of the ___ system. | hormones; endocrine |
| Which type of glands secrete substances into tubes or ducts that lead to body surfaces? | Exocrine glands |
| Which system uses chemicals released into the blood as a means of communication? | Endocrine system |
| Hormones that are classified into two categories based on their chemical composition are ___ hormones and ___ hormones. | steroid hormones; nonsteroid hormones |
| What are characteristics of endocrine glands? | They are ductless, They secrete hormones into the blood stream. |
| What are characteristics of exocrine glands? | They release secretions on a body surface, They secrete into ducts. |
| Amines, peptides, proteins and glycoproteins are classified as what type of hormones? | Nonsteroid hormones |
| Hormones classified as ____ hormones are lipids made of complex rings of carbon and hydrogen atoms. | Steroid hormones |
| Hormones are released into the _______ space surrounding endocrine cells and then diffuse into the bloodstream. | Extracellular |
| Aldosterone, cortisol, and sex hormones are all classified as what type of hormone? | Steroid hormones |
| Steroid hormones are synthesized from ____ , while nonsteroid hormones are synthesized from ___ ____ | Cholesterol; amino acids |
| What are characteristics of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and thyroxine? | They are derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine, They are amines. |
| The hormone secreted by the parathyroid gland is ______. | a protein |
| Some hormones, such as those secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, are __ , i.e., they proteins with carbohydrates attached to them. | glycoproteins |
| What are peptide hormones and examples? | Short chains of amino acids. Examples are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OT) |
Created by:
Alena stephanoff
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