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Chapter 8 APHY 101

Marieb chapter 8 flashcards

QuestionAnswer
What is a joint? Contact point between two (or more) bones. [or a bone and a tooth]
What is the SAD acronym? (functional classes) Synarthroses (S) Amphiarthroses (A) Diarthroses (D)
What are the structural classes of joints? Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial joints
What is the definition of a fibrous joint? Skeletal elements bound by collagen FIBERS of dense connective tissue.
What is the definition of cartilaginous joint? Bones bound by CARTILAGE.
What is the definition of a synovial joint? Have a SYNOVIAL cavity and ligaments within an articular capsule.
3 types of fibrous joints Gomphosis - always S Sutures - always S Syndesmosis - Always A
Explain a suture joint Fibrous joints of dense irregular connective tissue found only in the joining bones of the skull.
Explain a syndesmosis joint Fibrous joints connecting bones via ligaments made of dense irregular connective tissue.
Explain a gomphosis joint Fibrous joints found only "bolting" teeth to their bony structures in our gums.
What are the main differences between the three fibrous joints? Gomphosis is only in your gums; Syndesmosis has an interosseous membrane meaning the shorter the fibers the less movement you have, the longer the fiber the more movement you have; Sutures provide structural stability to the skull.
2 types of cartilaginous joints Synchondroses - always S Symphyses - always A
Explain a synchondroses joint Cartilaginous joints where bones are bound by hyaline cartilage.
Explain a symphyses joint Cartilaginous joints in the body's Midline where bones are bound by Fibrocartilage. (use the m in sym to note its in the midline, and the ph sound to note the fibrocartilage.)
What are the main difference between the two cartilaginous joints? Synchondroses provides structural stability but allows no movement; Symphyses is designed for strength and flexibility and allows a little movement.
Why is synovial joints always diarthroses? Have Dynamic or free movement. (use the d in dynamic to think of the d in diarthroses.)
What are the unique characteristics of ALL synovial joints? -Synovial Cavity -Synovial Fluid -Articular Cartilage -Articular Capsule
What are unique characteristics in SOME synovial joints? -Bursae -Tendon Sheath -Fatty Pads -Articular Discs
What is weeping lubrication? Process where synovial fluid in articular cartilage is forced out upon compression, and when pressure is relieved the fluid soaks back in. (think of a stress ball when squeezed and released)
What is a synovial cavity? A space between bones that STORES synovial fluid.
What is synovial fluid? Viscous fluid serving as a lubricant and shock absorber.
What is articular cartilage? Hyaline cartilage covering ends of synovial joint bones to reduce friction.
What is an articular capsule? Surrounds the entire joint as 2 layers. -Inner layer (synovial membrane) -Outer layer (Fibrous)
What is the inner layer of the capsule? Lines the synovial cavity and produces synovial fluid.
What is the outer layer of the capsule? Dense irregular connective tissue.
What is a bursae? Synovial fluid filled sacs that reduce friction between ligaments/tendons and other tissues.
What is a tendon sheath? Elongated bursae that wraps around and protects a tendon reducing friction.
What is a fatty pad? Present in knee and hip joints; provide cushioning between fibrous layer and synovial membrane.
What is an articular discs? (Menisci) Discs of fibrocartilage or fat that divide the synovial cavity in 2. also shock absorbers.
Created by: eyounger
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