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Module 7 PT 2
Pregnancy, growth, development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain the function of the yolk sac | Forms blood cells for the embryo during early development. Forms during 2nd week on underside of embryonic disc |
| Define gastrulation | Movement of cells within the embryonic disc to form multiple layers. Formation of three germ layers occur. Transforms the single-layered blastula into a multi-layered structure called the gastrula. |
| What is the sequence of the developmental stages? | 1.Zygote 2.Cleavage 3.Morula 4.Blastocyst 5.Gastrula |
| List the primary germ layers and describe what cells they are made of | Endoderm (inner layer) Mesoderm (middle layer), Ectoderm (outer layer). Endoderm and Ectoderm are made of epithelial cells. Mesoderm is made of loose connective tissue cells |
| Define teratogen | Factors or agents that cause malformations/birth defects by affecting embryo or fetus during period of rapid growth, development, or specialization |
| In the uterus, the fetus is surrounded by a fluid called ______. | Amniotic fluid |
| Which structure suspends the embryo in the amniotic cavity? | Umbilical cord |
| Spaces called ______ that surround the chorionic villi are formed by proteolytic enzymes released by the cells of the villi. | lacunae |
| What blood vessels are found in the umbilical cord? | 2 umbilical arteries, and 1 umbilical vein |
| What is the amniochorionic membrane? | The membrane formed by the fusion of the chorion and amnion. |
| The connecting stalk gives rise to which structure? | Umbilical cord |
| During which stage of development do the primary germ layers form? | Gastrula |
| Which of the following gives rise to the internal organs? | The primary germ layers |
| List the structures that arise from the ectoderm. | central nervous system, hair, epidermis, nails, skin glands, some special sensory organs, linings of mouth and anal canal |
| List the structures that arise from the mesoderm. | blood, blood vessels, muscle tissue, bone tissue, lymphatic vessels, internal reproductive organs, kidneys, epithelial linings body cavities, skeleton muscles |
| List the structures that arise from the endoderm. | lining of the respiratory tract, epithelium and linings of the digestive tract, urethral lining, pancreas, gallbladder, urinary bladder |
| Define neonatal period | |
| Define fetus/fetal stage | The fetus is the stage of development from the ninth week of pregnancy until birth. All organs develop. Fetal stage begins at the end of week 8. |
| Explain how fetal hemoglobin differs from adult hemoglobin | Fetal hemoglobin has the greater affinity for oxygen. |
| The ______ stage of development extends from fertilization to the 8th week of prenatal development. | Embryonic stage of development |
| Which three statements apply to the embryonic stage of development? | Extends from the third through the eighth week of development, the main internal organs develop, the embryo implants in the uterine wall |
| Which structure, developed during the fourth week of gestation, is the precursor to the central nervous system? | Neural tube |
| Indicate three developmental events that occur during third month of pregnancy. | Body lengthening accelerates, External reproductive structures are distinguishable, Head growth slows. |
| The fine, downy hair found on newborns is called ______. | lanugo |
| Name the layer of sebum and dead epithelial cells that coats the fetal and newborn skin. | Vernix caseosa |
| Which three of the following are associated with the fetal stage of development? | woman feels movement, eye brows and eye lashes form, ossification begins |
| Define ductus venosus | blood from the umbilical cord flows directly into the vena cava bypassing the liver via |
| Define foramen ovale | An opening in the interatrial septum that blood flows through or opening between the right and left atria in fetal heart |
| Define ductus arteriosus | Connecting vessel that shunts most of blood from pulmonary trunk directly into aorta. Provides a bypass from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the pulmonary circuit. |
| Which vessel carries well-oxygenated blood? | Umbilical vein |
| Blood from the right atrium of the fetal heart bypasses the lungs and flows directly into the left atrium through the ______. | foramen ovale |
Created by:
Alena stephanoff
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