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A&P: Ch4
Muscle/nerve tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are muscle tissue specialized to do | for contraction |
| What are the types of muscle tissue | skeletal smooth cardiac |
| What is the function of skeletal muscle | - voluntary - moves or stabilizes position of skeleton - guards entrances and exits of digestive, respiratory, urinary tracts - generates heat - protects internal organs |
| What is the function of smooth muscle | involuntary moves food, urine, reproductive tract secretions, controls diameter of respiratory passageways, regulates diameter of blood vessels. |
| What is the function of cardiac muscle | involuntary circulates blood maintains blood hydrostatic pressure rely on pacemaker cells for regular contraction |
| What are the striations in skeletal and cardiac tissue created by? | - actin and myosin contractile protein strand organized arrangements |
| What is the appearance of and location of skeletal muscle | - long, thin, cylindrical, striated, multinucleated - located in combination with connective tissues and neural tissue - entrances and exits of digestive, respiratory, urinary tracts |
| What is the appearance of and location of smooth muscle | - short, spindle-shaped, tapered, nonstriated, since, central nucleus location- around blood vessels, digestive , respiratory, urinary, and reproductive organs found everywhere motions is needed inside the body |
| What is the appearance of and location of cardiac muscle | short, branched, striated, single nucleus interconnected by intercalated discs that contain gap junctions Location: heart |
| how do skeletal muscles divide/regenerate | via satellite cells |
| what cells only appear in the heart? | cardiocytes/cardiomyocytes |
| what is the specialization of neural tissue? | conduct electrical impulses convey information from one area to another |
| What types of cells are found in neural tissue? | neurons and neuroglia |
| What is the function of neurons | transmit electrochemical signals via dendrite and cell body receiving info and transmitting electrical info down the axon to other neurons |
| what is the structure of neurons | cell body with small extensions called dendrites and one long extension called the axon with small extensions called synapses |
| what is the function of neuroglia | support neural tissue and help supply nutrients to neurons |
| what are the function of neuroglia | maintain physical structure of tissues repair tissue after injury perform phagocytosis provide nutrients to neurons regular composition o the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons |
| What are body system membranes: | thin sheets of tissue covering body, lining cavities, covering organs within cavities in hallow organs |
| what are the main categories of body membranes? | epithelial and connective tissue membranes |
| what are the subcategories of body membrane | cutaneous, mucous, serous, and synovial |
| what is the main function of body membranes | form barriers to protect the body and internal organs |
| what are epithelial body membranes made of | of an epithelium layer and connective tissue beneath it ex: cutaneous membrane, serous membrane, and mucous membrane |
| What are the layers of the cutaneous membrane? what is the cutaneous membrane? | Skin, dry membrane and outermost protective boundary 1) superficial epidermis - keratinized stratified squamous epithelium 2) underlying dermis - dense irregular connective tissue |
| What is the function of the mucous membrane (Mucosae) | Lines passage way that communicate and open to exterior to outside kept moist to reduce friction epithelial layer is lubricated by mucus from goblet cells or multicellular glands |
| What is the connective tissue under mucous membrane? | lamina propria = areolar CT |
| Where is mucous membrane found? | nasal, oral cavities, esophagus lining, lung bronchi |
| What is the serous membrane made from? | AKA (serosa) - smooth muscle membrane of mesothelium |
| What is does the serous membrane do? | lines contents and inner walls of body cavities and secrete serous fluid to help lubricate sliding movements btw 2 surfaces |
| What is the mesothelium? | epithelial layer derived from mesoderm it is usually simple squamous ET |
| What are the main components of the serous membrane | secretory epithelial layer and underlying connective tissue |
| What are the main membranes of the serous membrane based on what they cover | visceral and parietal |
| What is the membranes that lines the outside surface of internal organs | visceral serosa |
| What is the membrane that lines the cavity wall but does not touch the organ is called | the parietal membrane |
| What fills the cavity between the parietal and visceral serosa membranes | serous fluid |
| What are the 3 main types of serous membranes | 1)pericardium 2) pleura 3) peritoneum |
| What is the function and location of the pericardium | lines the outside of the heart and has both visceral and parietal layers |
| What is the function and location of the pleura | lines the outside of the lungs and has the visceral layer and the parietal layer, w/the parietal layer attached to the ribcage |
| What is the function and location of the peritoneum | lines the abdominopelvic organs with both visceral and parietal layers. Parietal layer is attached to the inside wall of abdominopelvic region |
| What is the connective membrane | - formed only from connective tissue. Function: encapsulate organs ex: synovial membrane: location: kidney and movable joints |
| What is a synovial membrane | lines the cavity of a freely movable joint |
| What is fasciae | connective tissue layers that support and surround organs |
| What is the function of CT layers | provide strength, maintain positions of organs, provide routing areas for blood vessels and nerves |
| Superficial fascia | other names: SQ layer, hypodermis location: under dermis layer composition: adipose CTP and areolar CTP |
| Deep fascia | dense irregular CT |
| Subserous fascia | layer of areolar CT between deep fascia and serous membrane |
| In what fascia are muscles and bones located | Between the deep fascia |
Created by:
cguerrero8
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