Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Module 5
Urinary system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Explain functions of the urinary system | Filter metabolic waste products from the blood, regulate fluid balance in the body by removing excess water/electrolytes and produce and excrete urine. Excretion of drugs, pH balance |
| List the organs of the urinary system | Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra |
| Main functions of kidneys | Filter blood and form urine. Regulate the volume and composition of body fluids. Remove metabolic wastes/excess water and electrolytes from the blood. Secrete hormone erythropoietin/ secretes enzyme renin. Produces vitamin D |
| Main functions of ureters | Tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder |
| Main functions of urinary bladder | Stores/collects urine until it's ready to be expelled or emptied |
| Main functions of urethra | Conveys urine from urinary bladder to outside of body. This tube allows urine to pass outside the body. |
| Describe the location of kidneys | Lie on either side of the vertebral column in a depression high on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity |
| Define retroperitoneal | Behind the parietal peritoneum |
| Define renal cortex | Outer region of kidney. Superficial layer of kidney tissue, located deep to the renal capsule. Somewhat granular. Contains blood-filtering units called nephrons |
| Define renal medulla | Inner region of kidney; Composed of cone-shaped masses of tissue called renal pyramids that look striated in appearance bc they consist of microscopic tubules. Filters blood and removes waste from the body. |
| Define nephron | Functional filtration units of kidney. Consists of renal corpuscle/ tubule. Control the composition of body fluids and remove wastes from the blood. Located in kidneys. Site of urine production. |
| Explain the function of Erythropoietin | Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production. |
| Explain the function of renin | Enzyme that helps increase blood pressure or regulate blood pressure. |
| Explain the components of the renal corpuscle | Glomerulus/ glomerular capsule (Bowman's capsule). Glomerulus: Network of tiny capillaries; filters blood to begin urine formation; arises from afferent arteriole, drains into efferent arteriole. Glomerular capsule BC: Receives filtrate from glomerulus. |
| Explain the components of the renal tubule | Filtrate proceeds from glomerular capsule to proximal convoluted tubule to nephron loop of henle to distal tubule |
| What is nephron loop of henle composed of? | Composed of descending and an ascending limb |
| What are the 3 processes of urine formation? | Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tubular secretion |
| Explain the difference between cortical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons | Cortical nephrons: 85% of nephrons, short nephron loops, renal corpuscles located near surface of kidney. Juxtamedullary nephrons: 15% of nephrons, long nephron loops that extend deep into medulla |
| Explain the function of juxtaglomerular apparatus | Regulates secretion of enzyme renin. Monitors/regulates blood pressure and sodium chloride content of filtrate |
| Define glomerular filtration rate (GFR) | A test used to check how well your kidneys are working/filtering or total amount of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys. Estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. |
| What are the methods of regulating glomerular filtration rate? | Intrinsic (Autoregulation) myogenic mechanism, Tubuloglomerular Feedback (TGF) |
| Extrinsic factors that affect glomerular filtration rate: | Sympathetic nervous system (SNS), Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) |
| About 70% of sodium ions (Na+) are reabsorbed in the ___ | Proximal tubule by active transport. |
| The reabsorption of sodium (Na+) by primary active transport provides ___ | Energy and the mechanism to allow the reabsorption of most nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, some ions, and vitamins, as well as water (H2O) |
| The gradient created by the Sodium (Na+) and Potassium (K+) pumps allows many of these substances to be reabsorbed by ___ | Secondary active transport |
| Secretion of which ion is important in regulating potential of hydrogen (pH)? | Hydrogen ions (H+) is important in regulating potential of hydrogen (pH) of body fluids |
| Describe the countercurrent mechanism | In the nephron loops of the juxtamedullary nephrons ensures that medullary interstitial fluid becomes hypertonic, creating osmotic gradient. |
| Why is it called the countercurrent mechanism? | Named partly for the fact that fluid moving down the descending limb results in a current that is counter to that of the fluid moving up in the ascending limb. |
| Why is the countercurrent mechanism possible? | It's possible because the descending and ascending limbs of the nephron loops lie parallel and close to one another. |
Created by:
Alena stephanoff
Popular Anatomy sets