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Tracy Vu
Anatomy week 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a type of cell extension that lines the intestines and other areas of the body? | microvilli Microvilli are tiny, finger-like projections found in epithelial cells that line the intestines and other areas where absorption is important. |
| In the matrix of the plasma membrane, a variety of proteins are embedded. Some of these proteins serve as passageway for Na+ ions or glucose. These proteins are called | Transport proteins: - **Channel proteins**: Provide a hydrophilic channel for ions (e.g., Na+ ions) to pass through. - **Carrier proteins**: Bind to specific molecules (e.g., glucose) and undergo a conformational change to transport them across the me |
| What are the four basic tissue types and their functions? | 1. Epithelial: Covers organs, protects, absorbs, secretes. 2. Connective: Supports, stores nutrients. 3. Muscle: Movement, contracts. 4. Nervous: Signals, brain-body communication. |
| Hypodermis | -Subcutaneous Layer, Superficial fascia -NOT part of the skin, but rather the connection between skin and the underlying structures of the body -mostly loose fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue -Also has nerves, blood vessels & lymphatic |
| Melanocytes | Contribute to skin color Pigment producing cells in the stratum basale. Can be affected by age |
| In bone formation, the cells that produce the organic matrix are the | osteoblasts (bone making) Function: Osteoblasts synthesize and secrete the bone matrix, which consists of collagen and other proteins. They play a crucial role in the mineralization of bone tissue by depositing calcium and phosphate. |
| The cells responsible for active erosion of bone minerals are called | osteoclasts (bone breakdown) Essential for bone remodeling, maintaining calcium balance, and skeletal health. |
| sutures | The bones that give shape to the top of the skull form immovable joints Function: Sutures connect the various bones of the skull, providing strength and stability. They also allow for some flexibility, which is important during childbirth |
| diffusion | Definition: The movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Mechanism: It occurs due to the random motion of particles and does not require energy (passive process). |
| osmosis | Movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. It equalizes solute concentrations on both sides of the membrane. Essential for maintaining cell health and homeostasis. |
| Dialysis | Definition: A process that separates molecules in a solution based on their size using a selectively permeable membrane. Mechanism: It involves both diffusion and osmosis and can be used in medical treatments, such as removing waste from blood |
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tracyveee
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