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Midterm
Weeks 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Anatomy | The study of body structures |
| Physiology | The study of how body structures function |
| Homeostasis | The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment |
| Negative Feedback | A process that reverses a change in a controlled condition (e.g., body temperature regulation) |
| Positive Feedback | A process that enhances a change (e.g., labor contractions) |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter |
| Molecule | Two or more atoms bonded together |
| pH Scale | Measures acidity or alkalinity (0-14; 7 is neutral) |
| Carbohydrates | Sugars and starches used for energy |
| Lipids | Fats and oils used for long-term energy storage |
| Proteins | Made of amino acids; involved in structure and function |
| Nucleic Acids | DNA and RNA; carry genetic information |
| Cell Membrane | The outer boundary of a cell; controls entry/exit |
| Cytoplasm | The fluid inside a cell containing organelles |
| Diffusion | Movement of molecules from high to low concentration |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a membrane |
| Active Transport | Movement of molecules using energy (ATP) |
| Epithelial Tissue | Covers body surfaces and lines cavities |
| Connective Tissue | Supports, binds, and protects (e.g., bone, blood) |
| Muscle Tissue | Enables movement (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) |
| Nervous Tissue | Transmits signals (neurons and glial cells) |
| Serous Membrane | Lines body cavities; reduces friction |
| Mucous Membrane | Lines cavities open to the outside (e.g., respiratory tract) |
| Epidermis | Outer layer of skin; contains keratin and melanocytes |
| Sebaceous Glands | Produce sebum (oil) to moisturize skin |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells |
| Osteoblasts | Bone-building cells |
| Osteoclasts | Bone-destroying cells (for remodeling) |
| Compact Bone | Dense, strong bone tissue |
| Synapse | The gap between neurons where signals are transmitted |
| Neurotransmitter | Chemicals that send signals between neurons |
| Reflex | Automatic response to a stimulus |
| Receptor | Specialized cell that detects stimuli (e.g., light, sound) |
| Hormone | Chemical messenger secreted by glands |
| Arteries | Carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart |
| Veins | Carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart |
| Antibodies | Proteins that recognize and neutralize invaders |
Created by:
victoriastephens18
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