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APK 2100 Cells
Anatomy Chapter 2 s.a.p.
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Plasma Membrane | Serves as an external barrier; acts as transport of substances into or out of the cell; externally facing proteins act as receptors (for hormones, neurotransmitters, etc) and in cell-to-cell recognition. |
Cytoplasm | Cellular region between the nuclear and plasma membranes; consists of fluid cytosol containing dissolved solutes, inclusions (stored nutrients, pigment granules), and organelles, the metabolic machinery of the cytoplasm. |
Ribosomes | The sites of protein synthesis. |
Rough ER | Makes proteins that are secreted from the cell; makes the cell's membrane. |
Smooth ER | Site of lipid and steroid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detox. |
Golgi Apparatus | Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell, inclusion in lysosomes, and incorporation into the plasma membrane. |
Lysosomes | Sites of intracellular digestion. |
Mitochondria | Site of ATP synthesis; powerhouse of the cell. |
Peroxisomes | Enzymes that detoxify a number of toxic substances; catalase (the most important enzyme) breaks down hydrogen peroxide. |
Microtubules | Support the cell and give it shape; involved in intracellular and cellular movements; form centrioles. |
Microfilaments | Involved in muscle contraction and other types of intracellular movement; help form the cell's cytoskeleton. |
Intermediate Filaments | The stable cytoskeletal elements; resist tension forces acting on the cell. |
Centrioles | Organize a microtubule network during mitosis to form spindle and asters; form the bases of cilia and flagella. |
Nucleus | Control center of the cell; responsible for transmitting genetic information and providing the instructions for protein synthesis. |
Nuclear Envelope | Separates the nucleoplasm from the cytoplasm and regulates passage of substances to and from the nucleus. |
Nucleoli | Site of ribosome subunit manufacture. |
Chromatin | Granular, threadlike material composed of DNA and histone proteins; DNA that constitutes the genes. |
Cytoskeleton | An elaborate network of rods running throughout the cytosol, acting as a cell's "bones", "muscles", and "ligaments". (The three types of rods are microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.) |
Microtubules | (Cytoskeleton) Elements with the largest diameter, hollow tubes made of spherical protein subunits called tubulins. |
Microfilaments | (Cytoskeleton) Elements with the thinnest structure, made of strands of the protein actin. |
Intermediate Filaments | Most stable and permanent of the (cytoskeleton) elements, made of tough, insoluble protein fibers. |