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Bones and Joints

Ch 7 +8

5 functions of the skeletal system - Support against Gravity - Leverage for muscle actions - Protection for soft internal organs - Blood cell protection - Storage of salts, calcium, phosphorus, and fat
Two types of bone marrow and storage - Red marrow (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets) - Yellow Marrow (fat)
5 main components of the skeletal system joints, bones, cartilage, ligaments, and connective tissues
Active, living tissues found in bone (4) Blood, Nervous tissue, dense connective tissue, bone tissue
What type of tissue is Bone itself? Osseous Tissue
3 Types of Carilage Hyaline (glassy), Elastic, and Fibrocartilage
2 types of Hyaline Cartilage Articular (covers joint surfaces) and Costal (ribs, larynx, trachea, and nose)
5 Types of bones Long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid
What type of bone are the humerus and femur long bones
what type of bone are that carpals, tarsals, and patella short
what type of bone are the parietal, scapula, and sternum flat
what type of bone are the vertebra and zygomatic bones irregular
Sesamoid bones are special because... They develop in areas with considerable friction
The three regions of a typical long bone Diaphysis, Epiphysis, and metaphysis
Long tubular shaft forming axis of long bones - Made of compact bone - Medullary cavity - bone marrow Diaphysis
expanded end of long bones - spongy bone Epiphysis
The point where Epiphysis and Diaphysis meet - Articular/Hyaline Cartilage that reduce friction on the bones Metaphysis
Membrane that provides anchoring points for joints and ligaments (outside of the bone) Periosteum
Connective tissue membrane covering the internal surfaces of bone that contains both osteoblasts and osteoclasts Endosteum
Three components of Bone anatomy - External Features - Compact Bone - Spngy Bone
What is the use of the External Features of Bone? Provide places for ligaments, muscles, and tendons to attach, or spaces for blood vessels and nerves
Dense outer layer that contains osteocytes and a matrix cluster around an osteon Compact Bone
Honeycomb structure of trabeculae filled with bone marrow Spongy Bone
Three categories of External Features Depressions, Projections, and surfaces
Structural unit of compact bone Osteon
column-ish matrix tubes composed of collegen and crystals of bone salts Lamellae
Canal containing blood vessels and nerves Central Canal/Haversian canal
Cavities in bone containing osteocytes Lacunae
Hairlike canals that connect lacunae to each other and the central canal Caniliculi
Channels lying at right angles to the cenral canal connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to the central canal Volkmann's canals.perforating canals
The four cells that make up bone tissue Osteoproginators Osteocytes Osteoblasts Osteoclasts
Precursors to osteoblasts Osteoproginators
Mature bone cells between lamellae Osteocytes
Bone destroying cells Osteoclasts
Bone forming cells Osteoblasts
Three FUNCTIONAL classifications for joints Synarthrosis Amphiarthroses Diarthroses
Three STRUCTURAL classifications of joints Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial
The two ways to describe immovable joints Synarthroses Fibrous
The two ways to describe slightly moveable joints Cartilaginous Amphiarthroses
The two ways to describe freely moveable joints Diarthroses Synovial
6 kinda of synovial joints Gliding Ball in socket Hinge Saddle Pivot Condyloid
When something is away from the midline Abduction
When something is more toward the midline Adduction
Body position palms up Supination
Body position face down Pronation
How many ribs? 24 - 14 true, 6 attached by cartilage, and 4 floating
Three parts of the hip bone Illium, pubis, and ischium
Created by: Segway
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