Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Endocrine Systems
Anatomy and Physiology 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Responsiveness of a hormone is dependent on | Hormone concentration, Number of receptor cells, Influences from other hormones |
| Permissive effects | a hormone dependent on exposure of another hormone |
| Synergistic effect | A hormone that acts along side another hormone |
| Antagonistic | A hormone that counteracts another |
| Hypothalamus | Receives input from limbic, cerebral cortex, thalamus, reticlar activating system Processes pain, stress, emotion changs Controls ANS- body temp, thirst, hunger, sexual drive, fear, rage, anxiety |
| What is the name of the network of blood vessels in this picture referred to as? | hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system |
| When a water-soluble hormone binds to its target cell, the subsequent cascade of intracellular chemical reactions can result in which of the following? | Increased permeability of the cell membrane Muscle Contraction |
| True or false: One advantage of signal transduction pathways is that the binding of a few hormone molecules can affect millions of molecules within the cell. | true |
| The more receptors a cell has for a hormone, the ________ sensitive it is to that hormone. | more |
| True or false: A target cell may have receptors for more than one type of hormone. | True |
| Which hormone interaction: Estrogen and progesterone are more powerful together than alone | Synergistic |
| Which hormone interaction: Glucagon and insulin raise and lower blood sugar levels respectively | Antagonist |
| Which hormone interaction: Oxytocin does not cause the release of milk in the absence of prolactin | Permissive |
| The ______ gland oversees most of the endocrine activity in the body. | Pituitary |
| Water-soluble hormones bind to their target cell receptors found ______. | on the surface of the plasma membrane |
| The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus through a thin stalk called the ______. | Infundibulum |
| The neural part of the pituitary gland is the _____. | Posterior Pituitary |
| The anterior pituitary gland is also referred to as the | adenohypophysis |
| The posterior pituitary gland releases hormones into ______. | the bloodstream |
| Which are hormones that are released from the posterior pituitary gland? | ADH, Oxytocin |
| A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ______. | gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
| The pituitary gland portion that consists primarily of unmyelinated axons extending from the hypothalamus is the _________ pituitary. | Posterior |
| Thyroid-stimulaitng hormone (TSH) is also called: | Thyrotropin |
| The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by regulatory hormones secreted by the ______. | Hypothalamus |
| Prolactin is produced by cells called _____. | Lactotropes |
| What is the name of the network of blood vessels in this picture referred to as? | hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system |
| Which of the following hormones influence both the male and female reproductive systems by regulating the hormones produced in the gonads and the maturation of gametes. | FSH andLH |
| Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are hormone classes of the ______. | Hypothalamus |
| The neurons in the hypothalamus that extend to the posterior pituitary gland are called ______ cells because they secrete hormones. | Neurosecretory |
| What is the abbreviation of the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex? | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| The anterior pituitary gland secretes TSH, which stimulates the ___________ gland. | Thyroid |
| In females, ______ regulates mammary gland growth and breast milk production. | Prolactin |
| When the hypothalamus releases ______, the anterior pituitary then releases growth hormone. | GHRH |
| A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ______. | CRH |
| Which hormone triggers the release of glucocorticoids from the adrenal cortex? | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) |
| Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are hormone classes of the ______. | Hypothalamus |
| What is the abbreviation of the hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex? | ACTH |
| In order to stimulate the thyroid gland, there has to be a release of ______ from the hypothalamus. | TRH (Thyrotropin releasing hormone) |
| A hormone secreted by the hypothalamus is ______. | Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH |
| TRH travels through the portal system from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland causing the release of ______. | Thyroid stimulating hormone |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is released from the hypothalamus in response to which of the following stimuli? | Decreased level of thyroid hormone in the blood and low body temperature. |
| In T3, the 3 refers to the number of ________ molecules in the hormone. | Iodine |
| The anterior pituitary gland secretes ______ to stimulate the follicular cells of the thyroid gland to release ______. | TSH; TH |
| An enlargement of their thyroid known as a | Goiter |
| Which hormone directly causes the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormone? | TSH |
| As thyroid hormones increase body temperature, TRH release is | inhibited/ decreased, reduced |
| T4 Hormone full name | Thyroxine |
| Calcitonin ______ blood calcium levels. | lowers |
| The adrenal glands are located ______. | on top of the kidneys |
| Which of the following are symptoms associated with hypothyroidism? | weight gain, sluggishness, feeling cold |
| Rank the layers of the adrenal cortex from superficial to deep. | zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis |
| The parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland synthesize and release ______. | calcitonin |
| Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones involved in the fight/flight sympathetic response, are produced in the region of the adrenal gland called the adrenal _________. | medulla |
| The outer region of the adrenal gland is the cortex, within which lies the inner region called the adrenal _______. | medulla |
| The part of the adrenal gland that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine as part of a sympathetic nervous system response to an emergency is the adrenal _________. | medulla |
| The adrenal cortex synthesizes over 25 hormones collectively referred to as . | corticosteroids |
| The adrenal ______ forms the inner core of each adrenal gland. | medulla |
| The zona fasciculata synthesizes a group of hormones called | glucocorticoids |
| True or false: When the body tries to repair its injuries, it secretes cortisol. | True |
| What hormone produced in the adrenal cortex increases blood sugar levels? | Cortisol |
| The innermost region of the adrenal cortex is called the zona ______. | reticularis |
| The zona glomerulosa synthesizes a group of hormones collectively called ________ | mineralocorticoids |
| The middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the zona________ | fasciculata |
| Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure of the body's tissues to excessive levels of which of the following? | glucocorticoids |
| Increased cortisol levels in the body will result in which of the following? | Increase blood fatty acid levels Glucose uptake by most cells of the body Increased blood sugar levels |
| The zona reticularis secretes ______. | Androgens |
| President John F Kennedy is perhaps the most celebrated person who had _________ disease. | Addison's |
| If a rat is hypophysectomized (the pituitary gland is removed), cortisol levels will ________. | decrease |
| Chronic inflammation is often treated with the glucocorticoid called ________. | corticosterone |
| What hormone produced in the adrenal cortex increases blood sugar levels? | cortisol |
| Addison disease occurs when there is a chronic shortage of ______ in the body. | Glucocorticoids |
| If one is administered high doses of corticosterone, they may experience which of the following side effects? | Immunosuppresion |
| The pancreas is composed mostly of groups of cells called _____. | Pancreatic Acini |
| Cushing syndrome results from chronic exposure of the body's tissues to excessive levels of which of the following? | Glucocorticoids |
| Pancreatic juice is secreted through the pancreatic ducts into the ______. | Duodenum |
| Scattered among the pancreatic acini are small clusters of endocrine cells called pancreatic ______. | Islets |
| Beta cells secrete ______ when blood glucose levels are elevated. | insulin |
| The pancreas is located between the small intestine and the _________. | Spleen |
| If blood glucose levels are high, what type of cells of the pancreatic islets produce the needed insulin? | beta |
| Acinar cells of the pancreas produce an alkaline pancreatic juice that aids in ______. | Digestion |
| True or false: All cells require insulin for glucose uptake. | False |
| Insulin promotes ______. | Glycogenesis |
| Target cells respond to ______ by taking up glucose, thus lowering blood glucose levels. | Insulin |
| People with type ________ diabetes can often be treated with changes to their diet and increased exercise without the use of medications. | Two |
| Insulin ______ the level of all nutrient molecules within the blood. | Decreases |
| All type ______ diabetics require daily injections of insulin. | One |
| Insulin has which effects on cells? | Increased uptake of glucose by most cells, increased glycogenesis by liver cells, and increased lipogenesis in adipose cells. |
| Often a viral infection triggers a(n) ______ condition where the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed resulting in type 1 diabetes. | Autoimmune |
| True or false: Insulin promotes lipid storage. | True |
| Beta cells secrete ______ when blood glucose levels are elevated. | Insulin |
| Type 1 diabetes is also referred to as which of the following? | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| If someone suffers from type 1 diabetes mellitus, which organ transplant would benefit them most? | Pancreas |
| Elevated levels of blood glucose are to type 1 diabetes, as decreased levels of blood glucose are to . | hypoglycemia |
| If someone has type 1 diabetes, it is because the ______ cells in their pancreas are no longer producing insulin. | Beta |
| Less severe type 2 diabetics can be treated with which of the following treatments? | diet medications that enhance insulin release exercise |
| Type 1 diabetes is generally due to ______, although some kind of trigger is often required to start the process. | genetic predisposition |
| Type 2 diabetes results from either decreased insulin release or ______. | |
| Type 1 diabetes is characterized by ______. | |
| ______ diabetes is associated with some pregnant women. | |
| If the victim is conscious, an easy way to treat hypoglycemia is to: | |
| Glucagon causes target cells in the to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into the bloodstream. | Liver |
| Often a viral infection triggers a(n) ______ condition where the beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed resulting in type 1 diabetes. | |
| Glucagon ______ glucose levels within the blood. | |
| Glucagon ______ glucose levels within the blood. | |
| Glucagon causes adipose cells to release what macromolecule into the bloodstream? | |
| Gestational diabetes _________. | can pose a risk to the unborn baby and pose delivery complications occurs typically in the later half of the pregnancy |
| The gland that is an endocrine gland and is found in the epithalamus of the brain is the gland. | Pineal |
| If a diabetic injects too much insulin into their body, their blood sugar levels can drop dramatically resulting in the condition called ______. |
Created by:
Kbatie2025
Popular Anatomy sets