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Gov - Vocab Quiz 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Sovereignty | the supreme power or authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions without external interference. It encompasses both the internal control over a territory and the ability to operate independently in the international arena |
| Nation | a large body of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory. |
| Nation-state | a form of political organization under which a relatively homogeneous people inhabits a sovereign state |
| Federalism (federal system) | a system of government in which the same territory is controlled by two levels of government |
| Politics | the way that countries are governed, and to the ways that governments make rules and laws to manage the human society properly |
| Social Contract | an agreement between members of a society, community, or organization that spells out the obligations, functions, and rights of each person agreeing to the contract |
| Monarch | a hereditary sovereign, as a king, queen, or emperor. A sole and absolute ruler of a state or nation. a person or thing that holds a dominant position |
| Oligarchy | a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution. |
| Democracy | a way of governing which depends on the will of the people. |
| Republic | a state in which political power rests with the public through their representatives |
| Economics | the study of how people allocate scarce resources for production, distribution, and consumption, both individually and collectively. |
| Capitalism | often thought of as an economic system in which private actors own and control property in accord with their interests, and demand and supply freely set prices in markets in a way that can serve the best interests of society |
| Free markets | one without government intervention or regulation. In a purely free market, buyers and sellers arrive at prices based only on supply and demand |
| Laissez-faire | preventing governments from interfering in the workings of the free market. |
| Bourgeoisie | the social order that is dominated by the so-called middle class |
| Socialism | an economic system in which major industries are owned by workers rather than by private businesses |
| Communism | individual people do not own land, factories, or machinery. Instead, the government or the whole community owns these things. Everyone is supposed to share the wealth that they create |
| Corporatism (similar to fascism because it is a merger of state and corporate powers) | a political system of interest representation and policymaking whereby corporate groups, come together and negotiate contracts or policy (collective bargaining) on the basis of their common interests |
| Fascism | a tendency toward or actual exercise of strong autocratic or dictatorial control i.e. the placement of national interests above those of the individual. |
| Command economy | a system in which a central governmental authority sets permitted levels of production, as well as the terms of distribution and pricing |
| Proletariat | working class |
| Mixed economy | an economy organized with some free-market elements and some socialistic elements. Mixed economies typically accept private ownership of most means of production, with some government intervention, mainly through regulations. |
| Faction (see Federalist #10) | an organized group of people within a larger group, which opposes some of the ideas of the larger group and fights for its own ideas |
| Tariff | a tax by a country’s government on imports and goods |
| Electors | individuals who have the right to vote in an election, often referring to members of the Electoral College in the U.S. who formally choose the President and Vice President |
| Executive Privilege | the right of the President and other executive branch officials to keep certain communications confidential and to resist some legal demands for information from Congress or the courts. |
| Cabinet | a group of high-ranking officials, typically consisting of the heads of government departments, who advise the President or Prime Minister and help make decisions about national policies |
| Bureaucracy | a system of government or organization that is managed by a large group of non-elected officials who follow strict rules and procedures |
| National Security Advisor | the chief advisor to the President on national security issues, helping to coordinate and implement security policies |
| Executive Order | a directive issued by the President of the United States to manage the operations of the federal government and implement laws |
| Pardon | an official forgiveness granted by a government authority, typically the President, that absolves a person from the legal consequences of a crime |
| Embassy | a diplomatic mission located in a foreign country, representing the interests and government of the home country |
| Reprieve | a temporary delay or cancellation of a punishment, often granted to someone facing severe consequences, such as a death sentence |
| Hatch Act | a U.S. federal law that restricts government employees from engaging in political activities while on duty, aiming to maintain a nonpartisan government |
| Commander-in-chief | the person who holds supreme authority over a country's armed forces, typically the President in the United States |
| Treaty | an agreement or arrangement made between countries through negotiation |
| Civil Service | refers to the body of government employees who are hired based on merit to implement government policies and provide public services |
| Covert | refers to something that is done in secret or is not openly acknowledged, often to avoid detection |
| Winner-take-all | refers to a situation in a competition or election where the winner receives all the rewards or benefits, while the losers receive nothing |
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