Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Unit 1, Section 2
Anatomical Structure: supply, support, function
| word | definition |
|---|---|
| three types of muscle | skeletal, smooth, cardiac |
| skeletal muscle | voluntary: striated, has 2 or more attachments |
| origin | attachment that moves least |
| insertion | attachment which moves the most |
| origins location | proximal to distal |
| insertions location | distal to laterally |
| belly | fleshy part of muscle |
| tendons | fibrous tissue cords that attachs ends of muscle to bones, cartilage, or ligaments |
| thin strong sheet of fibrous tissue | aponeurosis |
| raphe | an interdigitation of tendinous ends of flat muscle fibers |
| pennate muscles | muscles whose fibers run obliquely to line of push or pull-resembles a feather |
| unipennate muscles | tendon lies along one side of muscle and muscle fibers pass obliquly to it |
| example of unipennate muscle | extensor digitorum longus |
| bipennate muscle | tendon lies in center of the muscle-muscle fibers pass to it from two sides |
| example of bipennate muscle | rectus femoris |
| multipennate muscle | may be arranged as a series of bipennate muscles lying along side one another or may have tendon lying within its center and converging muscle fibers passing to it from all sides |
| examples of multipennate muscles | acromial fibers of deltoid and tibialis anterior |
| 2 types of fascia | superficial and deep |
| fascia | lies between skin and underlying muscles and bones |
| superficial fascia | subcutaneous tissue, a mixture of loose tissues that unite dermis of skin to underlying deep fascia |
| examples of superficial fascia | scalp, back of neck, palms, and soles |
| deep fascia | membranous layer of connective tissue that invests muscles and other deep structures |
| deep fascia in neck | forms well-defined layers that may play an important role in determining path taken by pathogenic organisms during the spread of infection |
| deep fascia in thorax and abdomen | a thin film of tissue covering muscles and aponeuroses |
| deep fascia in limbs | forms sheath around muscles and other structures, holding them in place |
| retinacula | deep fascia in joint regions that is considerably thick |
| retinacula function | to hold underlying tendsons in position or to serve as pulleys around which tendons may move |
| motor unit | consists of a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it supplies or innervates |
| describe motoneural innervation of large muscle or muscle group | where fine control is unnecessry, but gross motor control is important, single motor neuron may supply as many as 200+ muscle fibers |
| describe motoneural innervation in small muscle or group | where gross motor control is unnecessary, but fine motor control is required, one nerve fiber supplies only a few muscle fibers. |
| prime mover | chief muscle or member of a chief group of muscles responsible for a particular movement |
| prime mover in knee joint extension | quadriceps femoris |
| antagonist | opposes the action of prime mover |
| what muscle opposes quadriceps femoris in knee joint extension | biceps femoris |
| what must happen before a prime mover can contract | reciprocal "relaxation" of antagonist muscle must occur |
| nervous reflex inhibition | facilitates reciprocal "relaxation" of antagonist so prime mover can contract |
| fixator | stabilizes origin of prime mover and ensures efficient action of prime mover |
| synergist | contracts and stabilizes "intermediate" joints to prevent unwanted movements |
| example of synergist | forearm flexor and extensor constractions stabilize wrist joint, permits long flexor and extensors of fingers to work efficiently |
Created by:
otstudent2994
Popular Anatomy sets