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History midterm
History midterm Islam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Islam | -"one who submits" -starts with Mohammed -worship Allah |
| Arabia before Islam | -worshiped many gods,but do believe allah was supreme god |
| Two Main Groups before Islam | -City-dwellers -Bedouins (desert-dwellers) |
| City-Dwellers | -main city: Mecca -Mecca holds the kaaba |
| Bedouins | -nomadic -drove caravans through desert -in tribes led by a Shiek -have customs called Sunna |
| Kaaba | -cube that houses a meteorite which the muslims worship |
| Mohammed | -born in Mecca, but started driving camels in desert caravans -marries a older wealthy woman, Khadija -because of wealth he no longer has to work -claims the angel Gabriel appears to him and delivers messages from Allah to him |
| Spread of Islam | -Mohammed not successful in Mecca -eventually does succeed |
| Night of Power | -Mohammed transported to heaven on a winged steed -invited to Yathrib to settle a tribal dispute -hegira: "the flight" |
| Yathrib | -city renamed to Medina-al-Nabi -"city of the prophet" -builds first mosque |
| Muezzin | -one who calls people to prayer |
| Mullah | -expert is Islamic law |
| Limams | -prayer leader |
| Mecca conquered by Mohammed | -cleans out Kaaba of false Gods |
| 5 pillars of Islam | -Creed -no god but Allah and his prophet -pray 5 times a day, wash feet+hands, and face mecca -give alms to poor -observe Ramadan (fast, cant drink or eat during daylight for a month) -pilgrimage to mecca (called Hajii) |
| Koran | -114 messages, from Gabriel, given to Mohammed -ordered longest to shortest |
| Abu Bakr | -first Caliph -early convert -finishes conquering all of Arabia |
| Omar | -second Caliph -completely defeats the Persians -advisor to Abu Bakr |
| Othman | -third Caliph -first Koran compiled under him -unpopular because he puts family and friends in spots of power "nepotism" -killed |
| Ali | -fourth Caliph -married to Fatima (Mohammed's Daughter) -succession claim dispute by Othman's Family -assassinated |
| Shiites | -division emerges after Ali -say Caliph should be related to Mohammed -say koran is the only source of teaching |
| Sunnites | -believe any spiritually qualified person can be Caliph -in addition to koran there are other customs and tradition |
| Ummayad Caliphate | -capital moved from Mecca to Damascus -all of north africa conquered -move into spain |
| Tarik | -crosses strait into Spain -strait of Gibraltar named after him |
| Battle of Tours | -732 -Muslims halted in Spain/France -defeated by Charles Martel |
| Charles Martel | -"The Hammer" -Mayor of the Palace -French -won Battle of Tours |
| Abbasid Caliphate | -after Ummayad Caliphate -new capital (Baghdad) Seljak Turks conquer but convert to Islam |
| Al-Razi | -wrote encyclopedia of medicine -used animal intestines to treat wounds -used plaster casts for the first time |
| Iba Sina (Avicerna) | -pioneered early cure for cancer -cutting tumors out |
| Muslims | -Math, innovated algebra and analytic geometry -Astronomy, calculated circumference of earth to 1/2 a mile |
| Averroes | -philosopher, commented Greek and Roman Philosophy |
Created by:
Baptized Sultan
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