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3.03 Nervous System
NC Health Science I Nervous System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Dendrite | Part of Neuron; Brings information to the cell body |
| Axon | Part of Neuron; Takes information away from the cell body |
| Myelin Sheath | Part of Neuron; Covers Axon to help transmit message |
| Synapse | Area between 2 Neurons |
| Neuron | Nervous System Cell |
| Brain | Part of Central Nervous System; Contains Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Limbic System, Cerebellum & Brain Stem |
| Cerebrum | Part of the Brain; Contains Frontal, Parietal, Occipital & Temporal Lobes; Responsible for planning, recalling info & decision–making |
| Frontal Lobe | Part of Cerebrum; Emotions, Personality, Morality, Intellect |
| Parietal Lobe | Part of the Cerebrum; Interprets impulses from sensory receptors for pain, touch, heat & cold |
| Occipital Lobe | Part of the Cerebrum; Eyesight |
| Temporal Lobe | Part of Cerebrum; Hearing |
| Diencephalon | Located b/t cerebrum and midbrain; Houses Thalamus and Hypothalamus; Autonomic NS, Cardiovascular, Temperature, Appetite Control |
| Limbic System | Center of the brain, surrounding brain stem; Motivation, emotion, mood & memory |
| Cerebellum | Located behind pons & below cerebrum; 2 hemispheres; Coordination of muscle movements, balance & muscle tone |
| Brain Stem | Pons, Medulla & Midbrain; Basic Body Functions: breathing, swallowing, heart rate, BP & consciousness |
| Meninges | 3 Membranes that line the skull and vertebral canal; Protect the brain and spinal cord |
| Dura Mater | Tough outermost layer of meninges |
| Subdural space | Space below the Dura Mater |
| Arachnoid | Middle layer of meninges; Looks like cobweb |
| Subarachnoid space | Below Arachnoid |
| Pia Mater | Delicate innermost layer of Meninges |
| Ventricles of the Brain | 4 cavities filled with Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Cerebrospinal Fluid | Clear fluid, shock absorber |
| Choroid Plexus | Network of blood vessels; Produces Cerebrospinal Fluid |
| Spinal Cord | Part of the Central Nervous System; Begins at foramen magnum, ends at 2nd lumbar vertebrae; Surrounded by CSF; Reflex center & conduction pathway to/from brain |
| Cranial Nerves | Part of the Peripheral Nervous System; comes off the Brain; 12 Pairs |
| Spinal Nerves | Part of the Peripheral Nervous System; comes off the Spinal Cord; 31 pairs |
| Autonomic Nervous System | Division of the Peripheral Nervous System; Auto=Self; When you body completes actions without you having to think about it |
| Sympathetic Nervous System | Division of the Autonomic Nervous System; Fight or Flight |
| Parasympathetic Nervous System | Division of the Autonomic Nervous System; Counteracts the affects of the Sympathetic Nervous System (Recovery) |
| Sensory Neurons | Takes information from your senses to your brain & spinal cord |
| Motor Neurons | Takes information from your brain to your muscles (Action) |
| Associative Neurons | Sends information between sensory and motor neurons |
| Alzheimer's Disease/Dementia | Progressive disease brain\nMemory Loss & Dec. Cognitive Function; Tangles of fibers affects brain function; Age=risk factor |
| Cerebral Palsy | Permanent motor problems; Dx=infants & children; Damage to motor cortex; Sx=mild foot drop to paralysis |
| Epilepsy | Seizures; uncontrolled electrical activity; Dx=EEG; Grand Mal or Petit Mal |
| Meningitis | Inflammation of the meninges; Bacterial or Viral; Severe headache/neck stiffness |
| Multiple sclerosis | Autoimmune disorder; Myelin Sheath is destroyed; Prevents conduction of nerve impulses; impairment is vision, balance, speech or movement |
| Parkinson's Disease | Loss of dopamine; shaking, stiffness, difficulty walking; Symptoms get worse over time; later stages affect |
| Poliomyelitis | Contagious viral illness; Nerve damage, leading to paralysis & sometimes death; Vaccination to prevent |
| Spinal Cord Injury | Damage to spinal cord=loss of function, mobility, feeling; Caused by trauma/accident or disease; Level of injury determines loss of function |
| Paraplegia | Paralysis of legs and lower body |
| Quadriplegia | Paralysis of all 4 limbs |
| Encephalitis | Inflammation of the brain; Caused by virus (HSV, West Nile Virus; Sx=fever, lethargy, HA, fatigue, may include paralysis & unconsciousness |
| Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | Stroke; Interruption of blood and oxygen to brain; Risk factors=smoking, HTN, Heart disease, family HX; 90%=blood clots; 10% ruptured blood vessels |
| Hemiplegia | Paralysis of one side of the body; Opposite side from stroke; Stroke on right side of brain=weakness of left side of body |
| Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | Sudden damage to the brain; Causes=MVA, falls, sports, assaults; Range=mild concussions to severe permanent damage; Pt will need rehabilitation, long lasting effects |
| Concussion | Mild traumatic brain injury; whiplash–type movement of brain in head; Sx=HA, problems with memory, balance, coordination; Concussion protocol to return to normal activities |
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