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1.03 First Aid
NC Health Science I First Aid
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Safety of the Scene | You cannot help anyone if you become a victim; Never put yourself in danger when trying to help others |
| Assess the Scene | Observe for dangers: traffic, fire/smoke, hazardous liquids, Wires, Drugs, Glass, Violent situations, biohazards |
| Initial Assessment | To detect life threats must be dealt with first; ABCs: Airway, Breathing, Circulation |
| Airway | Airway Open? Liquid or debris in airway, roll onto side & clear airway. Use head–tilt, chin–lift unless spinal injury |
| Breathing | Place ear next to victim's nose and mouth, look for chest rise; listen for breaths; feel for breaths on your cheek |
| Circulation | Check a pulse, carotid or radial |
| General Condition/Level of Consciousness | Is the victim alert, responsive to verbal or painful stimuli, or unresponsive |
| Good Samaritan Law | Provides legal protection to people who give care. Encourage bystanders to help. |
| Anaphylaxis | extreme, life–threatening allergic reaction, causes airway constriction; Caused by–insect bites/stings, nuts, shellfish, chemicals; S/S–Hives, rash, difficulty, anxiety, swelling of the throat & tongue, low blood pressure; Rx–Epipen |
| Burns | Caused by radiation, sun, boiling water, chemicals, fire or electricity; Rule of Nines–determine amount of body burned |
| 1st Degree Burns | One layer of skin burned, no blisters, moderately painful |
| 2nd Degree Burns | Two layers of skin burned, redness with blisters, painful |
| 3rd Degree Burns | Involves 3 plus layers of skin burned, loss of skin, blackened skin & may be life threatening |
| First Aid for Minor Burns | –Run under cool water; –Remove rings or tight items from burned area; –Do Not Break blisters; –If skin is blistered, apply loose gauze dressing to protect blisters |
| First Aid for Major Burns | –Call 911; –Protect from further injury; –Make sure person is breathing; –Do not place large burns in water; –Watch for shock |
| Choking | object lodges in throat blocking airway; If they are coughing, keep them coughing; If they can't speak or cough, do the heimlich maneuver |
| Drowning | Look for signs of a swimmer struggling––they may not shout; Most occur in children under 1 year old |
| Fainting | AKA syncope, temporary loss of blood flow to brain; Should be emergency until symptoms are relieved & cause is determined; Position person on their back–raise feet; Call 911 if person doesn't regain consciousness within 1 minute |
| Hemorrage | Bleeding heavily, can lead to death if not stopped; Put on gloves and apply firm pressure; Use bandages, towels; if blood soaks thru, add more on top; if still bleeding, apply tourniquet |
| Accidental Poisoning | Injury or death due to swallowing, inhaling, touching or injecting drugs, chemicals, vemons or gases; S/S–burns on mouth, chemical odor to breath, vomiting, difficulty breathing, drowsiness, confusion |
| Seizures | Unconsciousness, muscle contractions & jerking motions; Stay Calm; do not restrain person, clear area around person so they do not injure themselves; When seizure ends, place them on their side; Call 911 if it lasts longer than 5 minutes |
| Reasons to call 911 | Person's condition is life–threatening; Condition could worsen; Moving patient could cause further harm; Person needs early access to treatment |
| When you call 911 | Keep calm and speak clearly; Provide the name of person, nature of problem; Location; location of victim; phone number; Stay on the phone with the dispatcher until they tell you to hang up |
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