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2.01 Skeletal System
NC Health Science I Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Osteoblasts | Bone forming cells (immature) |
| Osteoclast– | Absorbs bone tissue during growth/healing |
| Osteocytes | Mature bone cells |
| Ossification | Hardening of the bone |
| Fontanel | Space between bones of the skull from birth to 1 year of age |
| Types of bones | Flat, Irregular, Long, Short, Sesamoid |
| Flat Bones | Protects internal organs: skull bones, ribs, |
| Irregular Bones | Protects internal organs: vertebra, pelvis |
| Long Bones | Support weight & facilitate movement: Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Humerus, Radius, Ulna |
| Short Bones | Provide stability: metatarsals, metacarpals |
| Sesamoid | embedded in tendons: patella |
| Diaphysis | Shaft of the long bone |
| Epiphysis | Ends of the long bone |
| Medullary Canal | Center part of long bone that holds yellow marrow |
| Endosteum | Inside of the bone |
| Periosteum | Outside lining of the bone |
| Articular Cartilage | Located at the ends of long bones at the joints |
| Skull | Head |
| Parietal Bone | Bone that covers the parietal lobe of the brain |
| Frontal Bone | Bone that covers the frontal lobe of the brain |
| Occipital bone | bone that covers the occipital lobe of the brain |
| Temporal bone | bone that covers the temporal lobe of the brain |
| Nasal bone | Forms the bridge of the nose |
| Zygomatic Arch | Cheek Bone |
| Mandible | Lower Jaw Bone |
| Maxilla | Upper Jaw Bone |
| Cervical Vertebrae | First section of the spinal column, 7 |
| Thoracic Vertebrae | 2nd section of the spinal column, 12 |
| Lumbar Vertebrae | 3rd section of the spinal column, 5 |
| Sacrum | 4th section of the spinal column, connects spine to pelvis |
| Coccyx | Tail Bone |
| Sternum | Breast Bone |
| True Ribs | First 7 ribs, attaches directly to sternum |
| False Ribs | #8–#12 Ribs, Does not attach directly to sternum |
| Floating Ribs | #11 & #12, Does not attach to anything |
| Axial Skeleton | Skull, Spinal Column, Ribs & Sternum |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Shoulder & Pelvic Girdle |
| Clavicle | Collar Bone |
| Scapula | Shoulder Blades |
| Humerus | Upper arm bone |
| Radius | Lower arm bone on thumb side |
| Ulna | Lower arm bone on pinky side |
| Carpals | Bones of the wrist |
| Metacarpals | Bones of the hand |
| Phalanges | Finger & Toe Bones |
| Pelvic Bones | Ilium, Ischium, Pubis |
| Femur | Thigh Bone |
| Patella | Knee Cap |
| Tibia | Shin Bone |
| Fibula | Bone in lower leg, lateral to tibia |
| Tarsals | Ankle Bone |
| Metatarsals | Foot Bones |
| Calcaneus | Heel Bone |
| Diarthroses | Freely moveable joints |
| Ball & Socket | Most movement, hip & shoulder |
| Hinge | Can only move in one direction, knee & elbow |
| Pivot | allow rotation, wrist & ankle |
| Amphiarthroses | Slightly moveable joints |
| Gliding | allows joint to glide over one another, vertebrae |
| Synarthroses | Immovable joints; fixed, no movement–skull sutures |
| Hemopoiesis | Making Red Blood Cells |
| Mineral Storage | Calcium & Phosphorus |
| Movement | Voluntarily moving from one place to another |
| Protection | vital organs protected by skull, ribs, vertebrae & pelvis |
| Support | Along with muscles, allows for support |
| Arthritis | Inflammation of joints |
| Osteoarthritis | Result of aging and wear & tear on the body |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | autoimmune disorder involving joints |
| Gout | crystalized uric acid build up usually in big toe |
| Osteoporosis | softening of the bone making it become porous |
| Kyphosis | Hunchback, involves thoracic spine, curvature of upper back |
| Lordosis | Swayback, involves lumber spine |
| Scoliosis | Side to Side curvature of the thoracic & lumber spine |
| Greenstick Fracture | bone is splintered; Rx–cast or splint |
| Simple Fracture | bone is broken, skin is intact; Rx–cast or splint |
| Compound Fracture | broken bone is protruding through the skin; Most serious type of fracture; increase risk of infection |
| Comminuted | Bone is broken into many pieces; Rx–surgery to replace bone fragments, may involve external device |
| Closed reduction | Cast or splint |
| Open Reduction | Internal fixation |
| Traction | pulling force used to hold the bones in place, used for fractures of long bones |
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jamiesheets1984
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