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respiratory system
st430 predictor test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| which structure is called the windpipe and is supported by rings of cartilage? | trachea |
| which of the following respiratory tubes is primarily composed of smooth muscle and determine the flow of air to the aveoli | bronchioles |
| which nerve innervates the diaphragm? | phrenic |
| as part of the respiratory structures, the oropharynx and laryngopharynx: | carry food and water to the esophagus |
| which of the following is the first step in inhalation? | firing up the medullary inspiratory neurons |
| which of the following best describes the visceral and parietal pleura? | are serous membranes that line the pleural cavity |
| which of the following occurs on exhalation? | all are correct |
| the pneumotaxic center and apneustic center are located within the: | pons |
| how is most oxygen transported through the blood? | attached to hemoglobin |
| which substance greatly reduces the attractive forces among the water molecules lining the alveoli? | surfactant |
| which of the following events occurs last? | movement of air into the lungs |
| laryngospasm is most likely to cause: | acute respiratory obstruction |
| the phrenic nerve fires. which event occurs next? | the diaphragm contracts |
| intra-alveolar surface tension is caused by: | water |
| the lungs are located within the: | thoracic cavity |
| central and peripheral chemoreceptors (aortic and carotid bodies): | more than one of the options are correct |
| the alveoli: | are the primary site of respiratory gas exchange |
| surfactants: | prevent collapse of the alveoli |
| laryngospasm and epiglottal swelling is most apt to cause: | upper airway obstruction |
| activation of the beta2-adrenergic receptors of the airway: | causes bronchodilation |
| which of the following will cause the intrapulmonic pressure to become less than atmospheric pressure? | increase in thoracic volume |
| which of the following are the accessory muscles of respiration (used in forced exhalation)? | internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles |
| which structures has the thinnest wall? | alveoli |
| the respiratory passages are lined with: | mucous membranes |
| contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles: | change thoracic volume |
| which of the following occurs on inhalation? | all are correct |
| which of the following structures is located both in the thoracic cavity and mediastinum but not in the pleural cavities? | heart |
| boyle's law forms the basis of: | ventilation |
| what will happen under the following conditions: the pO2 is 95mm Hg (arterial blood ) and 40 mm Hg (tissue)? | oxygen diffuses from the blood to the tissues |
| the central chemoreceptors are primarily sensitive to blood levels of: | carbon dioxide and [ H+ ] |
| frontal, maxillary, sphenoidal, and ethmoidal: | are paranasal sinuses |
| which of the following represents a correct airflow? | bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli. |
| surfactants are found within the: | alveoli |
| the diaphragm: | all are correct |
| at plasma PCO2 increases, | ventilation increases |
| the olfactory receptors: | are located within the nasal cavities and nasal septum |
| the trachea: | contains C-shaped cartilaginous rings |
| the Hering-Breuer reflex: | prevents overinflation of the lungs |
| which of the following is the major regulator of respiratory activity? | PCO2 |
| what is the primary concern with laryngospasm and swelling of the lips and tongue? | acute upper airway obstruction. |
| which of the following structures controls respirations? | medulla oblongata |
| which of the following contributes to the wheezing of asthma? | constriction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle |
| hypoventilation decreases the respiratory excretion of: | carbon dioxide |
| a preterm infant is most likely to develop respiratory distress because: | a deficiency in surfactant |
| hypoventilation is most apt to: | induce acidosis |
| which group is incorrect? | structures of the bronchial tree: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, |
| when the muscles of respiration relax, | thoracic volume decreases and air moves out of the lungs |
| which of the following describes boyle's law? | an increase in thoracic volume decreases intrapulmonic pressure |
| the nares, nostrils, and nasal septum: | are located in the upper respiratory tract |
| dyspnea means: | difficulty breathing |
| pleural membranes: | are serous membranes |
| "clubbing" of the fingers is a response to: | chronic hypoxemia |
| what causes a boy's voice to "break" or change at the onset of puberty? | testosterone causes the vocal cords to thicken |
| which of the following is the dome-shaped muscle that is the chief muscle of inhalation? | diaphragm. |
| contraction of the diaphragm and the external intercostal muscles: | is responsible for inhalation |
| what is the effect of an overdose of an opioid (narcotic)? | depresses the medulla oblongata and depresses ventilation |
| surfactants: | are secreted by cells within the alveoli |
| kussmaul respirations: | refer to an acidosis-induced increased respiratory activity |
| bronchiolar constriction is most likely to cause: | wheezing |
| which of the following is most related to the relaxation of the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles? | decreased thoracic volume |
| the epiglottis, glottis, and vocal cords: | are structures of the larynx. |
| which of the following is a structure located within the lungs? | primary bronchi |
| hypoventilation can cause: | hypoxemia and acidosis |
| Which event occurs in response to an increase in thoracic volume ? | Air moves into and through the respiratory passages |
| which of the following is true of the lower respiratory tract? | contains the respiratory organs in the chest |
| cartilaginous rings: | Prevent the collapse of the trachea |
| in which structure is the Po2 104 mmHg? | alveolus |
| oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the: | pulmonary capillaries |
| When the number of alveoli decreases, patches of alveoli collapse. the result can be: | all are correct |
| the respiratory tract: | contains conductance, resistance, and exchange structures |
| which of the following is necessary for the lungs to remain expanded? | the intrapleural pressure must be negative |
| Where is blood oxygenated? | Across the alveous/pulmonary capillary membrane. |
| inspiratory and expiratory neurons: | are located within the respiratory control center in the brain stem |
| the pleural membranes | are serous membranes |
| the collection of mucus in the lower airways is most likely to cause: | atelectasis |
| the water molecule is polar, meaning that each end of the molecule has an electrical charge. because of this characteristic, water: | has a high surface tension |
| which respiratory muscles are located between the ribs? | intercostals. |
| which of the following is most related to the transport of the respiratory gases by the blood? | oxyhemoglobin, carbaminohemoglobin |
| a stab wound to the chest causes the lung to collapse because: | intrapleural pressure becomes greater than the intrapulmonic pressure |
| severing the phrenic nerve: | stops ventilation. |
| the lungs contain the: | structures of the bronchial tree |
| which of the following best describes eupnea? | normal, quiet breathing. |
| which of the following is most likely to stimulate coughing that may be accompanied by a life-threatening bradycardia? | suctioning of the lower airways |
| which of the following is an upper respiratory structure? | larynx |
| which of the following structures prevents entrance of food and water into the respiratory passages? | epiglottis |
| in reference to a normally expanded lung, the: | intrapulmonic pressure is greater than intrapleural pressure |
| at which point in the respiratory cycle is thoracic volume the smallest? | at end of exhalation |
| the epiglottis: | prevents food from entering the trachea |
| what happens when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles relax? | air moves out of the lungs |
| which of the following is most likely to cause pulmonary edema? | left ventricular heart failure |
| which of the following represents a correct anatomical sequence? | oropharynx, laryngopharynx, larynx |
| firing of the intercostal and phrenic nerves: | causes a skeletal muscle response that increases thoracic volume |
| a deficiency of surfactants in the neonate: | makes it difficult to expand the lungs |
| stimulation of the phrenic and intercostal nerves causes the release of which neurotransmitter into the neuromuscular junction? | acetylcholine |
| boyle's law states the relationship between volume and: | pressure |
| ventilation: | has two phases: inhalation and exhalation |
| anatomical dead airspace is most associated with which structure? | trachea |
| the trachea branches into the right and left: | bronchi |
| the diaphragm: | is skeletal muscle |
| which of the following statements is true of the right bronchus? | food and small objects are likely to be aspirated into the right bronchus because it's more vertical and larger than the left bronchus. |
Created by:
editsuchan
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